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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What RESOLUTION can be achieved with a light, transmission electron and a scanning electron microscope? |
Light - 200nm
TEM - 0.1nm SEM - 0.1nm |
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What MAGNIFICATION can be achieved with a light, transmission electron and a scanning electron microscope?
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Light - x1500
TEM - x500,000 SEM - x100,000 |
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What is the difference between magnification and resolution?
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Magnification - the degree to which the size of an image is larger than the image itself
Resolution - the degree to which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are very close together |
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Why do samples need to be stained in light and electron microscopy?
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Most biological structures are transparent, the stain gives a contrast between structures by combining with certain chemicals in the structure
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What is the equation for 'image size?'
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Image Size = Actual size x Magnification
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Name the features of eukaryotic cells
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Nucleolus
Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough/ Smooth ER Golgi Apparatus Ribosomes Mitchondria Lysosomes Chloroplasts Plasma (cell surface) membrane Centrioles Flagella and cilia |
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What is the function of the nucleus?
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Houses all of the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA, which contains the instructions for protein synthesis.
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What is the function of the nucleolus?
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Makes riobosomes and RNA which pass into the cytoplasm and are used in protein synthesis
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What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
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A double membrane with nuclear pores
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What is the function of the Rough ER?
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Transports proteins made by the attached ribosomes
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What is the function of the Smooth ER?
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Involved in making lipids
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What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
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Modifies proteins received from the Rough ER and then packages them into vesicles so they can be transported
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What is the function of Ribosomes?
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Site of protein synthesis
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What is the function of Mitochondria?
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Where ATP is produced during respiration
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What is the function of Lysosomes?
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Contains digestive enzymes that are used to break down material
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What is the function of Chloroplasts?
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Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
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What is the function of the Plasma (cell surface) Membrane?
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Controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell
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What is the function of the Centrioles?
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Form the spindle which moves chromosomes during cell division
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What is the function of the Flagella and Cilia?
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Move by ATP, for example they waft mucus along the trachea or give sperm the ability to swim
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Describe the interrelationship between the organelles involved in the production and secretion of proteins
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Proteins are created via a process called protei
n synthesis. This beings in the nucleus and then moves to the Golgi appa ratus where it is modified an d packaged. This means that certain chemical groups may be added to it. This protein can then be expelled if needed via a process called exocytosis or can be used within the cell |
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Why is the cytoskeleton important?
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It provides mechanical strength to cells, aids transport within cells and enables cell movement
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What are the features of prokaryotic cells?
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One membrane
No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Cell wall made of peptidoglycan not cellulose Smaller ribosomes Circular DNA Some flagella |
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Name the differences between animal and plant cells
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Plant cells - cell wall (made of cellulose)
fluid pressure inside cell keeps wall rigid contains a vacuole keeps cell turgid, increases pressure inside |