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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The addition of wave energy as waves interact, producing larger waves
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constructive interference
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A wave of moving energy in which the wave form moves in one direction along the surface (or junction) of the transmission medium (or media).
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progressive wave
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A tiny wave with a wavelength of less than 1.73 centimeters (0.68 inch), whose restoring force is surface tension; the first type of wave to form when the wind blows
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capillary wave
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The dominant force trying to return water to flatness after formation of a wave
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restoring force
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The horizontal distance between two successive wave crests (or troughs) in a progressive wave
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wavelength
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If particle speed decreases with depth, molecules in the top half of the orbit will move farther forward in the direction the wave is moving than molecules in the bottom half of the orbit will move backward.
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Stokes drift
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The subtraction of wave energy as waves interact, producing smaller waves
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destructive interference
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Breaking wave in which the upper section topples forward and away from the bottom, forming an air-filled tube
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plunging wave
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Speed of advance of a wave train; for deep-water waves, half the speed of individual waves within the group
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group velocity
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Vertical distance between a wave crest and the adjacent wave troughs
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wave height
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Calculation for the speed of shallow water waves. C represents speed (celerity), g is acceleration due to gravity, and d is the depth of water in meters.
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C=(squareroot (g * d)):
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A wave with wavelength greater than 1. 73 centimeters (0.68 inch), whose restoring forces are gravity and momentum
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gravity wave
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A wave moving through water deeper than 1/20 but shallower than 1/2 its wavelength
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transitional wave
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Slowing and bending of progressive waves in shallow water
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wave refraction
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Addition or subtraction of wave energy as waves interact. Also called resonance. See also constructive interference; destructive interference
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interference
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The theoretical maximum height attainable by ocean waves given wind of a specific strength, duration, and fetch. Longer exposure to wind will not increase the size of the waves
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fully developed sea
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Bending of waves around obstacles
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wave diffraction
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Height-to-wavelength ratio of a wave. The theoretical maximum steepness of deep-water waves is 1:7
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wave steepness
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A wave in water shallower than 1/20 its wavelength
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shallow-water wave
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A breaking wave whose crest slides down the face of the wave
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spilling wave
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The region between the breaking waves and the shore
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surf zone
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In ocean waves, the circular pattern of water particle movement at the air-sea interface. Orbital motion contrasts with the side-to-side or back-and-forth motion of pure transverse or longitudinal waves
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orbit
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A wave in which water oscillates without causing progressive wave forward movement. There is no net transmission of energy in a standing wave
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standing wave
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The uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows without a significant change in direction, a factor in wind wave development
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fetch
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The pattern of constructive and destructive interference that causes successive breaking waves to grow, shrink, and grow again over a few minutes' time
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surf beat
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The length of time the wind blows over the ocean surface, a factor in wind wave development.
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wind duration
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The confused mass of agitated water rushing shoreward during and after a wind wave breaks
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surf
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Simultaneous wind waves of many wavelengths forming a chaotic ocean surface. Sea is common in an area of wind wave origin
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sea
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Gravity wave formed by transfer of wind energy into water. Wavelengths from 60 to 150 meters (200 to 500 feet) are most common in the open ocean
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wind wave
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Separation of wind waves by wavelength (and therefore wave speed) as they move away from the fetch (the place of their formation). Dispersion occurs because waves with long wavelengths move more rapidly than waves with short wavelengths
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dispersion
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A progressive wave under the continuing influence of the forces that formed it
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forced wave
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The valley between wave crests below the average water level in a progressive wave
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wave trough
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A progressive wave free of the forces that formed it
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free wave
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Disturbance caused by the movement of energy through a medium
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wave
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A group of waves of similar wavelength and period moving in the same direction across the ocean surface. The group velocity of a wave train is half the velocity of the individual waves
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wave train
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Mature wind waves of one wavelength that form orderly undulations of the ocean surface
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swell
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Highest part of a progressive wave above average water level
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wave crest
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Average speed of the wind, a factor in wind wave development.
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wind strength
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The reflection of progressive waves by a vertical barrier. Reflection occurs with little loss of energy
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wave reflection
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The number of waves passing a fixed point per second
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wave frequency
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Calculation for the speed of deep water waves. C represents speed (celerity), L is wavelength, and T is time.
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C=L/T
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A progressive wave in which particles of the medium move in closed circles
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orbital wave
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A progressive wave occurring at the boundary between liquids of different densities
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internal wave
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A single wave crest much higher than usual, caused by constructive interference
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rogue wave
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The energy that causes a wave to form
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disturbing force
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