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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Charles Darwin suggested that a driving force of evolution was ____. |
isolation |
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How do entirely new genetic traits arise?
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spontaneous mutation
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What is convergent evolution? |
Organisms that evolve to look similar due to environmental conditions
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Which zone in the ocean contains enough light for photosynthesis?
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euphotic zone
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Which event is thought to have been a cause for past mass extinctions?
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The collision with an asteroid or comet
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Which of the following is a domain of living things?
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Bacteria
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Which group are known to have members that are extremophiles?
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Archaea
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How much of the light that reaches Earth's surface is captured by organisms?
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One part in 2,000
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What is a source of energy for chemosynthesis?
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methane
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What absorbs sunlight in primary producers?
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chlorophyll
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What is the primary need for living matter to function?
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energy
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Which reaction occurs during photosynthesis?
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Oxygen is produced.
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What is a heterotroph?
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An organism that consumes food from other organisms
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Which are the primary molecules of heredity?
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nucleic acids
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What does a food web illustrate?
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trophic relationships
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How many elements comprise 99% of all the mass of all living things on Earth?
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4
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What physical factor is considered most important for the success of a marine organism?
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light
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What is the largest biogeochemical cycle?
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carbon cycle
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Which are primary nitrogen-fixing organisms in the ocean?
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Cyanobacteria
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What is the end product of carbon respiration?
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Carbon dioxide
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What primary product is formed during nitrogen fixation?
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Ammonium
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What is a major source of nitrate to coastal waters?
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soil runoff
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What factor is rarely a difficulty for marine organisms?
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iron availability
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What physical factor can damage cell membranes and alter protein structure?
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salinity
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What dissolved gases are required by nearly all marine organisms?
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carbon dioxide and oxygen
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What is the primary cause of oxygen depletion in the disphotic zone?
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heterotrophic respiration
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How deep is the photic layer in typical coastal waters?
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100 meters
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What is the average pH of seawater?
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8.0
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In freshwater, a marine animal would be ____.
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hypertonic to its surroundings
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What type of transport is able to move against normal concentration gradients?
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active transport
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Once living organisms reach a balance with their environment, they do not undergo any more natural selection.
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False
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All life on Earth is fundamentally the same.
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True
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Although ectotherms can tolerate large ranges in external temperature, they are unable to sustain large fluctuations in their internal temperatures.
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False
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Linnaeus was the first to start classifying organisms.
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False
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Taxonomy is the study of biological classification.
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True
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It has been suggested that Archaea may be more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria.
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True
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What distinguishes life from non-life is the ability of living things to capture, store, and transmit energy, as well as reproduce.
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True
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Chemosynthesis is the dominant method of binding energy into carbohydrates on this planet.
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False
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Membranes are considered selectively permeable when they allow only certain kinds of small molecules to pass through.
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True
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Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms can be called either primary producers or heterotrophs because they make their own food.
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False
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The photic zone in coastal ocean water is deeper than the photic zone in open ocean water.
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False
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The trace metal iron is required for photosynthesis, in certain nitrogen fixation enzymes, and in the structure of proteins.
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True
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Coastal water tends to support greater plankton populations than oceanic water does due to nitrate runoff from soil.
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True
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Most biological productivity in the ocean occurs in the aphotic zone.
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False
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A change in salinity change can affect the buoyancy of an organism.
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True |