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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when to perform breast exam
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1 week after period
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mammograms
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-every 3 years between ages 20-39 and yearly at age 40 and up.
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Fibrocystic breast disease
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-prevalent in women 20-50 years
-pain is most common symptom -nodularity in breasts -cysts are mobile and tender |
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treatment of fibrocystic breasts disease (#1)
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-mild analgesics (NSAIDS)
-vitamin A and E -oral contraceptives (allev. pain) -limit caffeine and nicotine -tamoxifen- relieves symptoms in 70% of women (medicine to prevent breast cancer with strong family hx) |
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Fibroadenoma
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2nd most common benign tumor
25% of all women freely movable, solid tumor, well defined, rounded with rubbery texture -asymptomatic and non-tender -teens and early 30's -not associated with increased risk for breast cancer |
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galactorrhea
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nipple discharge not associated with lactation
common problem-10-15% -physiologic, drug-induced, idiopathic, or pathologic |
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galactorrhea and breast cancer
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3% of time associated with breast cancer
-cancer- unilateral, bloody type appearance benign- greenish, yellow, purulent |
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Malignant breast disease
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lifetime risk 1:8, 1/4 female cancers
-risk with age -15% female deaths -age 44-50 leading cause of death -70-80% have no hx of breast CA |
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diagnosis
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50% upper outer quadrant
-painless mass or lump -dimpling, inversion of nipple, axillary lump. |
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clinical therapy
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stage of cancer
-optimal treatment for that stage -womans age -personal preference -risk and benefits of each treatment protocol |
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breast cancer prevention
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learn to reduce modifiable risk factors
-avoid obesity -exercise regulary -reduce dietary fat -limit alcohol intake -chemoprevention: tamoxifen |
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abnormal pap smear results
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7% abnormal results
-bethesda system- 1989 -11,270 cases cervical cancer dx -4,070 died |
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preventable disease
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slow-growing
lengthy pre-invasive stage inexpensive screening effective treatment options |
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factors increasing risk for cervical cancer
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coitus at early age (before 16 doubles risk)
-multiple partners -exposure to STI's, HPV -smoker -hx of dysplasia -immunosuppressive therapy or immunocompromised state -long-term OC use >5 yrs |
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evaluation
-ASC-US results |
referral for colposcopy
-repeat PAP in 6 mth. intervals until 2 negative results with referral for colposcopy if repeat shows ASC or higher -DNA test for HPV infection with referral for colposcopy if testing reveals a high-strain of HPV. if HPV negative, repeat PAP in 12 months |
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ASC-H
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greater risk for CIN than women with ASC-US and should be referred directly for colposcopy
-cannot exclude high grade |
