O Chem

Front 1

pKa

Back 1

alkane: 50, alkene: 42, alkyne: 24, ammonia: 38, ROH: 18, H2O: 16, carboxylic acid: 5, HCl: -7

Front 2

alcohol

Back 2

R-OH

Front 3

ether

Back 3

R-O-R

Front 4

amine

Back 4

bases, primary: R-NH2, secondary: R-NH-R, tertiary: R-N-R^-R, written as one word

Front 5

aldehyde

Back 5

R-CH=O, carbonyl

Front 6

ketone

Back 6

R-C=O^-R, carbonyl

Front 7

carboxylic acid

Back 7

R-C=O^-OH, carbonyl

Front 8

ester

Back 8

R-C=O^-OR, carbonyl

Front 9

amide

Back 9

R-C=O^-NH2, carbonyl

Front 10

Lewis structures

Back 10

count valence electrons, subtract the molecule's charge

Front 11

degenerate

Back 11

same energy

Front 12

tetrahedral bond angles

Back 12

109

Front 13

trigonal pyramidal bond angles

Back 13

107

Front 14

trigonal planar bond angles

Back 14

120

Front 15

water bond angle

Back 15

105

Front 16

trigonal bipyramidal bond angles

Back 16

90, 120

Front 17

octahedral bond angles

Back 17

90

Front 18

Ka of water

Back 18

10^-16

Front 19

polarizable

Back 19

the orbital the electrons exist in is very large, there is room for extra electrons and electron repulsion is less because of the orbital's size

Front 20

inductive effect

Back 20

an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond

Front 21

prefixes past 10

Back 21

undec- dodec- tridec- tetradec- pentadec- hexadec- heptadec- octodec- nonadec- eicos-

Front 22

torsional strain

Back 22

barrier to free rotation caused when 2 sigma bonds try to pass in front of each other (electron repulsion between to sigma bonds)

Front 23

steric strain

Back 23

when 2 things are forced to be in the same place at the same time (crowding)

Front 24

homolitic cleavage

Back 24

each atom takes one electron back from the bond

Front 25

heterolitic cleavage

Back 25

one atom takes both electrons

Front 26

radicals

Back 26

created by homolitic cleavage

Front 27

hyperconjugation

Back 27

sharing of sigma electrons with empty or partially filled p orbital, more methyl groups = more hyperconjugation = more stability

Front 28

Hammond's postulate

Back 28

in an exothermic reaction, the transition state happens fast and looks like what you start with; in an endothermic reaction, the transition state happens late and looks like the product