Nutrition Exam 2: Water

Front 1

Water mainly is in two parts of the body...

Back 1

Extracellular- In cells

Intracellular fluids -

Intersticial = Between Cells = Spinal Fluids

Inner vascular = Blood

Front 2

Functions of water are...

Back 2

Temperature Regulation

Solvent for Biochemicals

Lubrication

Hydrolysis reactions

Front 3

Temperature Regulation by water is done to

Back 3

Metabolic reactions create heat

Lose a lot by radiation as well as evaporation

Front 4

Heat loss of water by skin

Back 4

20-30 ml/hr which is about 12-18 kcal/hour

Front 5

Key parts of water balance is...

Back 5

Osmosis = The abundant solvent side will go to the solute side

Front 6

Water balance intake

Back 6

Fluids (the most), Foods, metabolism

Front 7

Water balance losses

Back 7

Kidney (varieable and REGULATED!!!!)

Feces

Lungs

Skin ( The most)

Front 8

Water AI

Back 8

3.7 L/d for males

2.7 L/d for females

Front 9

Osmotic pressure changes as a result of...

Back 9

Mouth/pharynx dehydration = Thirst

Hypothalamus = Thirst in brain and ADH

Kidney = Blood pressure/Na retention/Water retention

Front 10

Dehydration leads to

Back 10

- Loss of extracellular and intracellular fluid and increase osmotic pressure

- Kidneys raise both kinds of fluids

Front 11

How is blood affected by Renin-Angiotensin System?

Back 11

4. Blood vessel constriction by angiotensin 2 = increased blood pressure

Front 12

True or false: Thirst is a good indicator of dehydration

Back 12

FALSE!!!! First step of being dehydrated

Front 13

Moderate amounts of dehydration are

Back 13

Tingling in arms, lagging pace, flushed skin

Front 14

Dehydration causes include

Back 14

Diarrhea/vomitting

Diabetes insipidus (ADH deficiency)

Excessive perspiration

Diuretics

Front 15

Major cation electrolytes in intracellular fluids

Back 15

Potassium

Magnesium

Front 16

Major Anions electrolytes in in intracellular fluids

Back 16

Phosphate

Sulfate

Front 17

Major cations electrolytes in extracellular fluids

Back 17

Sodium

Calcium

Front 18

Major anions in extracellular fluids

Back 18

Chloride

Bicarbonate

Front 19

Sodium functions

Back 19

Water Balance

Acid/base balance

Conduction of nerve impulse (Polarity)

Glucose and other nutrient absorption

Front 20

Sodium Balance

Back 20

100% absorption rate

98% conserved b kidney

Front 21

Sodium AI

Back 21

1.5 g/d

Front 22

Sodium UL

Back 22

2.3 g/d

Front 23

Aldosterone results in...

Back 23

Sodium and water retention

Front 24

ADH results in

Back 24

More water absoprtion

Front 25

Increased sodium intake can result in

Back 25

Hypertension

Hypernatemia

Increased blood volume

Increased blood pressure

Genetic component relationship between Na and Blood Pressure

Front 26

Potassium Functions

Back 26

Fluid balance

Muscle Contraction

Nerve Impulse Contraction

Front 27

Potassium Balance

Back 27

Larger Sweat losses

Not as well conserved as salt

Front 28

Potassium AI

Back 28

4.7 g/d

Front 29

Potassium Deficiency

Back 29

Hypokalemia!

- Muscle weakness

- Heart irregularities

Front 30

Sodium Potassium Pump

Back 30

1. ATP and 3 sodium ions bind to sites

2. ATP breaks down ADP and P, releasing energy

3. 3 Sodium ions diffuse away

4. Transport protein reverts to original shape

Front 31

Chloride functions

Back 31

Acid base balance

HCl in stomach

Front 32

Chloride AI

Back 32

2.3 g/d

Front 33

Chloride UL

Back 33

3.6 g/d

Front 34

Chloride food source

Back 34

Sea salt