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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Know the percentage of water in the body- muscle, fat, and bone tissue. |
Muscle-70% Fat-30% Bone tissue- 10% |
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What is the single largest body substance? |
Water |
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Average % of water in men |
60-65 |
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Average % of water in woman |
50-54% |
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Why do woman have less water in the body? |
Higher fat masses so the lower % of water; obese people have less water% too |
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Children reach the adult proportion of water to body weight at about what age? |
3 years old |
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Intracellular fluid |
Fluid within the cells (46%) |
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Extracellular fluid |
Includes all fluid outside cells |
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Interstitial fluid |
Between or surrounding cells |
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Intravascular fluid, |
Fluid within vessels, arteries,arterioles, capillaries, venues, and veins |
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Lymphatic fluid |
Lymph via the lymphatic vessels assists in returning the fluid part of the blood to the heart |
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Transcellular fluid |
Includes CSF, pericardial fluid, plural fluid, synovial fluid, intraocular fluid, and GI secretions |
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What are the functions of water? |
- body's shape and form - help maintain blood volume, pressure -regulate body temperature - solvent for minerals, glucose, molecules -solute- substance dissolved in solvent |
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How does the body use water? |
Continually move from one body compartment to another and can be reused by the body to preform different tasks |
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_________ amount of water in the bloodstream |
Small |
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___________ amount of water in the intestines. |
Large |
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What diseases could cause edema? |
Heart failure Kidney disease Lymphatic/ venous blockage Sodium retention Protein deficiency |
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Water intoxication causes |
Extensive ingestion of water, increased infusions of hypotension IV solutions, excess secretions of antidiuretic hormone. Clinical manifestations are abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and dizziness. Can potentially lead to convulsions and coma. |
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What mineral has the most influence I extracellular fluid osmolality? |
Sodium |
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What is the recommended Dietary Reference intakes? |
Fluid-80% Food-20% Increase food consumption when physically active Infants get adequate amount through via breast milk |
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Osmotic pressure |
The maximum pressure that develops in a solution separated from a solvent that develops in a solution separated from a solvent by a membrane permeable only to the solvent |
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Sodium pump |
Moves Na ions out of the cell (and water follows) |
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Potassium pump |
Moves potassium ions into the cell |
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Sodium potassium pump |
Works by pumping two potassium ions into the cell and pumping out three sodium i9ns using energy from ATP molecule |
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Serum electrolytes |
Include Na, K, Cl |
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The amount of urine necessary to carry away waste products is called __________ excretion. |
Obligatory |
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When a nurse assesses a client with insufficient fluid volume what signs and symptoms would be noted? |
Decreased skin turgor, dry mucus membrane (thirst),sudden weight loss, low b/p, weak rapid pulse, change in mental status, neck vein flat when patient is in supine position |
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What is dilututional hyponatremia? |
An increase in the volume of free water in the body |
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Why do we watch older adults on their fluid intake? |
Because their thirst mechanism can be altered |
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What form of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood? |
Bicarbonate |
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Insensible water loss of how many ml/day and what organs are involved? |
600-900ml (lungs and skin) |
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Type of patient would not be reliable for accessing skin turgor? |
Elderly |
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Difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke? |
Exhaustion- being exposed to high temperature and can cause water depletion (dehydration) Heat stoke- persons mechanism to regulate body temperature failed |
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Single most important indicator of fluid status in the body? |
Daily weight |
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Milliequivalent is a term used to describe? |
A number of substances in a solution |
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Isotonic solution |
a solution in which the solute and solvent are equally distributed(cells want this, inside and outside liquid concentration of the cell to be equal) |
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Hypotension solution |
Concentration of solutes is greater inside than the outside of it |
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Hypersonic solution |
Concentration of solutes is greater outside than the cell than inside it |
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Hydrostatic blood pressure |
Systolic and diastolic The force of hydrostatic pressure means that as blood moves along the capillary, fluid moves out through its pores and into the interstitial space. This movement means that the pressure exerted by the blood will become lower, as the blood moves along the capillary, from the arterial to the venous end |
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Colloidal osmotic preasure |
Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic pressure, is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system. It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure |
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Malnutrition |
Kwashiorkor |
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Water balance intake and excretion is |
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Diabetes insipidus |
Causes imbalance of water in the body. Leads to intense thirst even after drinking (polydipsia) and excretion of large amounts of urine(polyuria) lacks ADH |
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Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
condition in which high levels of a hormone ADH cause the body to retain water. |
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SIAD causes |
Central nervous system disorders Lung disease Some tumors Certain drugs (selective serotonin re-take inhibitors SSKIs) Surgery induced severe nausea, pain |
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Acidity or alkalinity is measured by a scale called |
pH for potential of hydrogen |
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Acids |
Are rated 0-6.999 7.0 is neurtal |
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Base |
(Alkalis) are greater than 7 |
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Normal pH of extracellular fluid |
7.35-7.45 |
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Acidosis |
Condition that causes lungs to automatically increase rate and depth of breathing, eliminating more carbon dioxide than water (<7.35) |
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Alkalosis |
Kidneys conserve hydrogen ions and excrete sodium and bicarbonate ions (>7.45) |
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The _____ help maintain pH |
Lungs |
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The ________ to acidosis begins within__________ |
Respiratory responce, minutes |
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Hyperventilation resulting from anxiety |
Breathing through only one nostril with the mouth closed. *Paper bag method can cause hypoxia* |
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From the renal system, how does the kidney maintain pH? How long does it take to start? How long to compensate changes in blood pH? |
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Weight changes can be caused by? |
Metabolic events ad well as fluid shifts |
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Large amounts of fluid can accumulate in several places in the body _________ the circulatory system. |
Outside |
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Third space losses |
Involve internal bleeding, collection of fluid in chest cavity, or abdomen ascites |
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An alert nurse can spot an early clue to third space losses by the |
Decreasing urine output despite seemingly adequate fluid intake |
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Sensible water losses |
Water losses including extracellular ions sodium and chloride Persiration Urine Gastrointestional |
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Insensible water losses |
Water that is invisibly lost through the lungs and skin Lungs- moisture exhaled Skin- perspiration |