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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever (Causes for Chronic and Acute)
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Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
Acute - Outdoor Seasonal Allergies (Pollen) Chronic - Indoor Perinneal Allergens (Pet Dander, Mold) |
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Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever (Symptoms)
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Nasal obstruction, sneezing, watery eyes, thin nasal discharge, itching eyes and nose, headache, sore throat, nasal polyps.
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Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever (Treatment)
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Identify and Remove Triggers
Medication (Antihistamines, Steroids, Leukotrine Receptor Antagonists) Hyposensitzation |
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Vasomotor Rhinits (Symptoms, Cause, Treatment)
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Symptoms similar to Allergic Rhinitis (Congestion, runny nose, watery eyes, headache, etc.) but with no identifiable allergen.
Cause unknown. Treated by treating symptoms |
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Chronic Rhinitis (Cause)
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Chronic inflammation of nasal mucous membrane due to repeated infections, allergies, or vasomotor rhinitis.
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Chronic Rhinitis (Symptoms)
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Nasal obstruction, stuffiness/pressure, nasal discharge, frontal headaches, sneezing, vertigo.
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Chronic Rhinitis (Complications)
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Deposits of large amounts of connective tissue in nasal mucosa with hypertrophy, frequent polyp formation leading to eventual wasting and atrophy of mucous membranes, cartilage and bone.
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Chronic Rhinitis (Treatment)
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Nasal irrigation, antibiotics, surgical interventions (Young's operation).
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Sleep Apnea (Pathophysiology, Contributing Factors)
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Breathing disruption of 20s or more, at least 5 times per hour during sleep.
Contributing factors include obesity, large uvula, short neck, smoking, enlarged tonsils or adenoids, and is more prevalent in males. |
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Sleep Apnea (Symptoms)
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Increased CO2 levels and decreased pH. Daytime sleepiness, inability to concentrate, irritability, heavy snoring, awakening tired.
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Sleep Apnea (Collaborative Interventions)
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Lifestyle changes including dietary changes, smoking and alcohol cessation, and sleep positioning changes.
Oral appliances CPAP |
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CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
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Positive pressure throughout the entire respiratory cycle which helps prevent alveolar collapse and improves gas exchange.
Nasal CPAP and bilevel positive airway pressure BiPap-higher pressure beginning of inspiration, lower pressure end expiratory |
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Types of CPAP
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Nasal CPAP
Bilevel or BiPAP |
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BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure)
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Involves both airways.
Higher pressure at the beginning of inspiration but lower at the end of expiration. |
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CPAP Patient Education
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Assess patient views on CPAP and their adherence to treatment.
Determine accessibilty to CPAP equipment. Consider and discuss psychosocial aspect of use. |
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Surgical Management of Sleep Apnea
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Surgical reconstruction of the uvula, tonsillar pillars, and soft palate or portions of the tongue and mandible.
Monitor for airway obstruction and bleeding in post-op period. |