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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are prostaglandins and what is their role in the body? |
When arachidonic acid is converted by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) it turns into prostaglandins. These prostaglandins mediate, inflammation by inducing vasodilation and enhancing vasopermeability. They also potentiate the action of pro-inflammatory substances (histamine, bradykinin) in the production of edema and pain |
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What is the difference between COX1 and COX2 |
COX1 helps protect the gastric lining, maintains renal function, and decreases the risk of bleeding by increasing platelet aggregation. COX2 produces prostaglandins, which cause pain, inflammation, and fever. |
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What is gout and what is the goal of therapy? |
Gout is when painful uric acid crystals build up in tissues and joints due to overproduction or decreased excretion of uric acid. The goal of therapy is to decrease symptoms and prevent recurrent attacks of gout. |
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What does allopurinol do, what are adverse effects, and chronic or acute treatment |
Allopurinol prevents uric acid production and prevents tumor lysis syndrome Adverse effects include agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and possibly fatal skin conditions Treatment of chronic gout |
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What does Colchicine do, adverse effects, important considerations, and acute or chronic |
Reduces inflammatory response to the you’re a crystal deposits and joints and inhibits the attraction of white blood cells (granulocytes) to the site of inflammation Adverse effects include G.I. or GU bleeding and bone marrow suppression Important notes include pregnancy category D, hazardous agent, handle with precaution Treatment of acute gout |
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What does Probenecid do, adverse effects, important notes, and chronic or acute |
Increases the excretion of uric acid via kidneys and slows down the excretion of penicillin to prolong the effect Adverse effects include fast or irregular breathing, puffiness or swelling of eyelids and around eyes, shortness of breath and wheezing, cloudy or bloody urine, and difficult or painful urination Important notes include do not use with peptic ulcers or blood dyscrasias Treatment of chronic gout |
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What is adrenal insufficiency? What are the signs and symptoms? |
Adrenal insufficiency is when adrenal glands don’t make enough of the hormone cortisol S&S - chronic/worsening fatigue/muscle weakness, low BP especially when standing (leads to fainting), low blood glucose, depression, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, headache, craving Na+ |
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What are the two types of corticosteroids and what are the differences between them? |
Mineralocorticoids - maintain blood pressure control, regulate fluid and electrolyte levels, act on distal renal tubules, balance pH levels in the blood (aldosterone is the most common) Glucocorticoids - maintain normal blood pressure, anti-inflammatory response, decreased movement of white blood cells to inflamed areas, glucose/protein/fat metabolism |
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Signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease |
Bronze pigmentation of the skin, changes in distribution of body hair, G.I. disturbances, weakness, hypoglycemia, postural hypotension, weight loss |
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Signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome |
Personality changes, moon face, increased susceptibility to infection, gynecomastia in males, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, CNS irritability, Na/fluid retention, thin extremities, GI distress (increase in acid), amenorrhea/hirsutism in females, thin skin, purple striae, bruises/petechiae |
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What is the difference between Addison’s disease and Cushing syndrome? |
In Addison’s disease, there is a hormone insufficiency of cortisol and aldosterone In Cushing’s syndrome there is an excess of Cortisol |
