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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

RA

— Rheumatoid Arthritis


— Autoimmune, rapid onset


— Symmetrical symptoms


— Age 50+

OA

— Osteoarthritis, joints, common


— Degenerative, slow onset


— Heberden’s Nodes: distal interphalangeal joints


— Bouchard’s Nodes: proximal interphalangeal joints


1 lb of (over) weight puts 4 lbs of Pressure on knees

OP

— Osteoporosis- porous bone


— Osteopenia = low bone mass


— Onset teen years, men get much later than women


— Need calcium and vitamin d


— Pediatric Disease with geriatric consequences


— Caused by prednisone long term use

Xerosis and Pruritis

Xerosis = dry skin


Pruritis = itchy skin (risk for infection)

4 Types of Skin Cancers

1. AK (atinic Keratosis) - pre-cancerous patch, thick scaly or crusty skin- sandpaper


2. Basal cell carcinoma: small fleshy bump


3. Squamous cell carcinoma: flesh colored, erythematous, scaly plaque, metastasizes want removed right away


4. Malignant melanoma: metastasizes very quick and cause death (birth control, tanning beds)

Skin: A B C D E

Asymmetry


Border


Color


Diameter


Elevation/Evolution

CVA

— Cerebrovascular Attack


— Ischemic stroke (dry): thrombolytics- arterial Disease, a fib, dehydration


— Hemorrhagic stroke (wet): bleeding, headache -uncontrolled HTN, life threatening


— Gold standard = 3 hours


— First 3-6 mo = 90% recovery

TIA

— Transient Ischemic Accident


— FAST: face, arms, speech, time (to call 911)


— Intermittent blockage, spasms to vessels


— Anticoagulant therapy


— Can give rise to a stroke

HTN

— Men have heart disease and HTN earlier until women past their menopausal time (estrogen = cardiac protected)


— More probable the older you get


— Systolic HTN: left ventricular hypertrophy, arterial system stiffens with age, cardiovascular disease risk factor

HTN Stages

Stage 1: 130-139 / 80-90


Stage 2: 140+ / 90+


HRN Crisis: 180+ / 120+

3 Leading Causes of Death

1. Heart Disease


2. Cancer


3. COPD

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease


— Influenza and Pneumonia vaccines


— Avoid poor air quality


— Exacerbation: worsening of respiratory system: cough w. Sputum and dyspnea increases, DOE, weight loss (diff breathing)


— 4 stages : stage 4 end stage


— Prednisone (glucocorticoid), cheap good for inflammation while in exacerbation, increases blood sugar

DM Complications

1. Retinopathy - yearly eye exams


2. Neuropathy- peripheral nerve pain, check feet daily


3. Nephropathy- renal disease


4. Cardiovascular disease- increased risk for MI and stroke

DM: mental and function changes

Mental status changes: infection, depression, delirium, confusion, physical complaints, fatigue, weak, delay in WBC elevation


Function changes: incontinence, sleep, falls, anorexia, dehydration

PAD

Peripheral Arterial Disease


— Arteriosclerosis, decreased oxygen to extremities, intermittent claudication, pain with elevation, red-purple dependency, skin w.o hair, thickening of nails


— Should walk: help blood flow, painful

Sleep Cycle vs OA Sleep

80 min NREM (4 stages non rapid eye movement), followed by 10 min REM, repeated 4-6 times each night


—OA: quality of night sleep decreases (quantity in 24 hours unchanged), increase in stage 1 and 2, decrease in stage 3 and 4, REM declines, sleep latency (diff. falling asleep), sleep efficiency (staying asleep), daytime naps

PSG and EDS

Polysomnography - sleep study


Excessive daytime sleepiness

Falls and Risk factors

1. Death from complications


2. Caucasian men 85+ highest


3. History of previous falls


4. 95% sustain hip fracture


5. Rib fracture mortality 20-30%


6. Occur at home

Elder abuse risk factors

1. 75+ age, female


2. Physical/cognitive impairments


3. 90% from relatives


4. Occurs most at home

DSS and PSE

Department of social services and protective services for the elderly


Nurses are mandated reporters for elder abuse

Dementia

— Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)


— Age #1 risk factor (More common with women bc they live longer)


— 5th leading cause of death 65+


— Mild and major (independent living)


— Most common: Alzheimer’s

A’s of Dementia

Amnesia: anterograde/inability to make new memory or retrograde/loss of memory from now


Aphasia: disorder of language/speech


Apraxia: inability/forget how to do a motor act


Agnosia: inability to recognize something/someone

MMSE

Mini Mental State Exam Assessment


Mild dementia: 18-26 / 30


Moderate: 10-18


Severe: <10

Anhedonia

Inability to feel pleasure

GDS

Geriatric depression scale


Severe depression >11 with 5-9 symptoms


Less severe >6 with <5 symptoms


Cornell scale for depression in dementia: >12 = probable depression

AD, VaD, DLB, FTD

AD: Alzheimer’s, high anxiety and phobias


VaD: vascular dementia, affective disturbances, depression


DLB: dementia of Lewy bodies, hallucinations and delusions


FTD: frontotemporal Disease, profound change in personality, social conduct, activity disturbances