Nose, Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, And Pterygopalatine Fossa

Front 1

1. On what bone are the superior and middle nasal conchae?

Back 1

a. Ethmoid

Front 2

2. What bone forms the inferior nasal conchae?

Back 2

a. It is its own bone

Front 3

i. What nerve innervates the mucosa of the frontal sinus?

Back 3

1. Supraorbital nerve from CNV1

Front 4

i. Where are the ethmoidal air cells located?

Back 4

1. On either side of the ethmoidal labyrinth between the orbit and nasal cavity

Front 5

iii. What nerve innervates the ethmoidal air cells?

Back 5

1. Ethmoidal branches of nasociliary nerve from CNV1

Front 6

ii. What nerve innervates the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses?

Back 6

1. Posterior superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves (CNV2)

Front 7

iii. What nerve innervates the mucosa of the sphenoidal sinus?

Back 7

1. Posterior ethmoidal nerve from CNV1

Front 8

b. Where does the nasolacrimal duct open?

Back 8

i. Near the anterior portion of the inferior meatus

Front 9

d. What is the ethmoidal bulla?

Back 9

i. An elevation containing the middle ethmoidal air cells

Front 10

e. What is the semilunar hiatus?

Back 10

i. Deep groove located anteroinferior to the ethmoid bulla

Front 11

f. Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells open?

Back 11

i. Anterior part of the semilunar hiatus

Front 12

g. Where does the maxillary sinus open into the seminlunar hiatus?

Back 12

i. Below the center of the ethmoidal bulla
ii. --Opening is high, leading to poor drainage of maxillary sinuses

Front 13

h. What is the function of the frontonasal duct?

Back 13

i. Drain the frontal sinus

Front 14

i. Where does the frontonasal duct open into the semilunar hiatus?

Back 14

i. Anterior part of seminlunar hiatus→ ethmoidal infundibulum

Front 15

j. Where is the superior meatus located?

Back 15

i. Between superior and middle conchae

Front 16

k. Where do posterior ethmoidal air cells open?

Back 16

i. Superior meatus

Front 17

l. When structure allows for communication between the pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity?

Back 17

i. Sphenopalatine foramen

Front 18

m. What structures pass thorugh the sphenopalatine foramen?

Back 18

i. Sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery
ii. Nasopalatine branch of maxillary nerve
iii. Posterior superior lateral nasal branch of maxillary nerve

Front 19

n. Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located?

Back 19

i. Between the superior concha and the roof of the nasal cavity

Front 20

o. Where does the sphenoid sinus open?

Back 20

i. Sphenoethmoidal recess

Front 21

i. What does the sphenopalatine artery branch off?

Back 21

1. Terminal branch of maxillary artery

Front 22

ii. What is the largest vessel supplying the nasal cavity?

Back 22

1. Sphenopalatine artery

Front 23

iii. How does the sphenopalatine artery enter the nasal cavity? What is its subsequent course?

Back 23

1. Through the spheoplatine formaen
2. Branches over lateral and medial wall

Front 24

iv. What are the branches of the sphenopalatine artery that supply the nasal cavity?

Back 24

1. Posterior lateral nasal branches
2. Posterior septal branches

Front 25

vii. Where does the greater palatine artery originate?

Back 25

1. Maxillary artery

Front 26

viii. What does the greater palatine artery supply?

Back 26

1. Hard palate
2. Small portion of anterior septum and floor

Front 27

ix. What is the course of the greater palatine artery?

Back 27

1. After supplying hard palate, course superiorly though incisive canal
2. Supplies small portion of anterior septum and floor

Front 28

i. Where do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries originate? What is their course?

Back 28

1. In the orbit from ophthalmic artery
2. The pass through openings in the medial orbit

Front 29

ii. What do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries supply?

Back 29

1. Ethmoidal air cells
2. Medial and lateral nasal walls
3. Posterior, superior roof of nasal cavity

Front 30

iii. What are the complications of a hemorrhage in the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries?

Back 30

1. Bleeding is difficult to stop
2. Blood can flow down pharynx and collect in stomach
3. Hypovolemia is earliest symptom

Front 31

i. What arteries anastomose in the anterior portion of the septal wall?

Back 31

1. Greater palatine
2. Sphenopalatine
3. Superior labial
4. Anterior ethmoidal arteries

Front 32

ii. In what area is the extensive anastomosis supplying the nasal cavity?

Back 32

1. Kiesselbach’s area

Front 33

iii. What bleeding disorder is often associated with Kiesselbach’s area?

Back 33

1. Nosebleeds (epistaxis)

Front 34

iv. What is the most common source of posterior nose bleeds?

Back 34

1. Sphenopalatine artery

Front 35

i. What structure drains the nasal cavity?

Back 35

1. Pterygoid venous plexus

Front 36

ii. What structure drains the anterior nasal cavity?

Back 36

1. Facial vein

Front 37

iii. What structure drains the anterior and posterior ethmoidal veins? Where does it subsequently drain?

Back 37

1. Superior ophthalmic vein
2. Cavernous sinus

Front 38

1. Where do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves originate?

Back 38

a. Nasociliary nerve

Front 39

2. What do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves innervate?

Back 39

a. Ethmoidal air cells
b. Medial and lateral walls of anterior nasal cavity

Front 40

3. Through what structure do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves pass in order to innervate the medial and lateral walls of the anterior nasal cavity?

Back 40

a. Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Front 41

4. Where does the external nasal nerve originate?

Back 41

a. Anterior ethmoidal nerve

Front 42

1. What is the common ganglion of origin for branches of the maxillary nerve?

Back 42

a. Pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 43

2. Through what structure do branches of the maxillary nerve pass in order to supply the nasal cavity?

Back 43

a. Sphenopalatine foramen

Front 44

3. What do the posterior and superior lateral nasal nerves innervate?

Back 44

a. Superior and inferior part of lateral nasal wall, respectively

Front 45

4. What does the nasopalatine nerve receive? Through what opening does it pass?

Back 45

a. Sensation from posterior and inferior septal wall
b. Then courses through incisive canal to the roof of the oral cavity

Front 46

i. What nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity?

Back 46

1. Greater petrosal nerve

Front 47

ii. What type of fibers does the greater petrosal nerve carry? With what ganglion does it subsequently synapse?

Back 47

1. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
2. Pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 48

i. What nerve provides sympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity?

Back 48

1. Deep petrosal nerve

Front 49

ii. With what ganglion does the deep petrosal nerve synapse? What ganglion does it pass through?

Back 49

1. Superior cervical ganglion
2. Pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 50

i. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the middle cranial fossa?

Back 50

1. Foramen rotundum
2. Pterygoid canal

Front 51

ii. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the nasopharynx?

Back 51

1. Palatovaginal canal

Front 52

iii. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the roof of the oral cavity?

Back 52

1. Palatine canal

Front 53

iv. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Back 53

1. Sphenopalatine foramen

Front 54

v. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa?

Back 54

1. Pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 55

vi. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the orbit?

Back 55

1. Inferior orbital fissure

Front 56

1. What is the main blood vessel found coursing through the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 56

a. Third part of the maxillary artery

Front 57

2. How does the maxillary artery enter the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 57

a. Pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 58

3. Where is the third part of the maxillary artery located?

Back 58

a. Anterior to the lateral pterygoid muscle

Front 59

a. What structure does the posterior superior alveolar artery accompany?

Back 59

i. Posterior superior alveolar nerve

Front 60

b. Where is the posterior superior alveolar artery located?

Back 60

i. Infratemporal surface of the maxilla

Front 61

c. What does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?

Back 61

i. Molar and premolar teeth
ii. Maxillary gums
iii. Maxillary sinus

Front 62

d. How does the infraorbital artery leave the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 62

i. Inferior orbital fissure
ii. Infraorbital groove and canal
iii. Infraorbital foramen

Front 63

e. What does the infraorbital artery supply?

Back 63

i. Inferior orbit contents
ii. Face in area of infraorbital foramen

Front 64

f. Where does the anterior superior alveolar artery originate?

Back 64

i. Infraorbital artery

Front 65

g. What does the anterior superior alveolar artery supply?

Back 65

i. Incisor and canine teeth
ii. Part of maxillary sinus

Front 66

h. Through what space does the descending palatine artery course? What are its branches after exiting?

Back 66

i. Palatine canal
ii. Anterior and posterior branches

Front 67

i. When does the descending palatine artery become the greater palatine artery?

Back 67

i. After passing through the palatine foramen

Front 68

j. What does the greater palatine artery supply?

Back 68

i. Hard palate
ii. Through incisive canal to supply anterior aspect of nasal septum

Front 69

k. With what does the greater palatine artery anastomose in order to supply the nasal septum?

Back 69

i. Septal branches of sphenopalatine artery

Front 70

l. Where does the lesser palatine artery originate?

Back 70

i. Greater palatine artery

Front 71

m. What does the lesser palatine artery supply? Through what foramen?

Back 71

i. Posterior soft palate
ii. Lesser palatine foramen

Front 72

n. What does the artery of the pterygoid canal supply? Through what space?

Back 72

i. Through pterygoid canal
ii. Supplies nasopharynx
iii. Auditory tube
iv. Sphenoidal sinus
v. Tympanic cavity

Front 73

o. What does the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery supply? Through what space?

Back 73

i. Palatovaginal canal
ii. Supplies part of auditory tube
iii. Nasopharynx
iv. Sphenoid sinus

Front 74

p. Where does the sphenopalatine artery originate?

Back 74

i. Maxillary artery→ terminal branch

Front 75

q. How does the sphenopalatine artery arrive at the posterior part of nasal cavity?

Back 75

i. Through sphenopalatine foramen

Front 76

1. Where are the neuron cell bodies for the maxillary nerve?

Back 76

a. Trigeminal ganglion

Front 77

2. How do the fibers of the maxillary nerve exit the middle cranial fossa?

Back 77

a. Foramen rotundum

Front 78

a. How does the zygomatic nerve enter the orbit?

Back 78

i. Inferior orbital fissure

Front 79

b. What are the branches of the zygomatic nerve?

Back 79

i. Zygomaticotemporal
ii. Zygomaticofacial

Front 80

c. What does the zygomaticotemporal branch supply?

Back 80

i. Skin over the temple

Front 81

d. What does the zygomaticofacial branch supply?

Back 81

i. Skin over the area lateral to the eye

Front 82

e. What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve innervate?

Back 82

i. Molar maxillary teeth and adjacent gums

Front 83

f. What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglionic branches?

Back 83

i. Two small branches from maxillary nerve to pterygopalatine ganglion
ii. Suspend ganglion from the inferior surface of maxillary nerve

Front 84

a. What is the anterior continuation of the maxillary nerve?

Back 84

i. Infraorbital nerve

Front 85

b. What is the course of the infraorbital nerve?

Back 85

i. Through inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove and canal
ii. Gives off middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves

Front 86

c. What does the infraorbital nerve supply?

Back 86

i. Upper lip
ii. Lower eyelid
iii. Lateral nose

Front 87

d. What do the middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves upply?

Back 87

i. Upper teeth

Front 88

e. Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the greater petrosal nerve originate?

Back 88

i. Facial nerve