Nhm- Chapter 2 (Vocab) Test 1

Front 1

Involuntary absence of production of children?

Back 1

Infertility

Front 2

Biological inability to bear children after one year of unprotected intercourse?

Back 2

Infecundity

Front 3

Actual production of children. The word best applies to specific vital statistic rates, but it is commonly taken to mean the ability to bear children?

Back 3

Fertility

Front 4

Biological ability to bear children?

Back 4

Fecundity

Front 5

Generally defined as the loss of conceptus in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Also called spontaneous abortion?

Back 5

Miscarriage

Front 6

Reduced level of fertility characterized by unusually long time to conception (over 12 months) or repeated early pregnancy losses?

Back 6

Subfertility

Front 7

The period in life during which humans become biologically capable of reproduction?

Back 7

Puberty

Front 8

Eggs of the female produced and stored within the ovaries?

Back 8

Ova

Front 9

Cessation of the menstrual cycle and reproductive capacity in females?

Back 9

Menopause

Front 10

An approximately 4 week interval in which hormones direct a build up of blood and nutrient stores within the wall of the uterus and ovum maturation and release?

Back 10

Menstrual Cycle

Front 11

During this, if the ovum is fertilized by a sperm, the stored blood and nutrients are used to support the growth of the fertilized ovum. If fertilization does not occur, they are relreased from the uterien wall over a period of blood flow?

Back 11

Menstrual Cycle

Front 12

A general term applied to infections of the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. Occurs predominately in younger women and is generally caused by infection with a sexually transmitted disease such as gonorrhea and Chlamydia?

Back 12

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Front 13

A disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations, such as deep within the uterine wall, in the ovary, or in other sites within the body. The condition is quite painful and is associated with abnormal menstrual cycles and infertility in 30-40% of affected women?

Back 13

Endometriosis

Front 14

A protein secreted by fat cells that, by binding to specific receptor sites in the hypothalamus, decreases appetite, increases energy expenditure, and stimulates gonadotropin secretion. These levels are elevated by high, and reduced by low, levels of body fat?

Back 14

Leptin

Front 15

Weight in kg/height in m^2?

Back 15

BMI

Front 16

BMI: Underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese?

Back 16

UNDERWEIGHT: <18.5

NORMAL WEIGHT: 18.5-24.9

OVERWEIGHT: 25-29.9

OBESE: 30+

Front 17

Menstrual cycles in which ovulation does not occur?

Back 17

Anovulatory Cycles

Front 18

Absence of menstrual cycle?

Back 18

Amenorrhea

Front 19

Chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to molecules and cells caused by oxidizing agents?

Back 19

Antioxidants (Vitamin C, E, selenium, and certain components of plants function as these)

Front 20

Chemical substances (often oxygen-based) that are missing electrons. The absence of electrons makes the chemical substance reactive and prone to oxidizing nearby molecules by stealing electrons from them?

Back 20

Free Radicals

Front 21

Can damage lips, cell membranes, DNA, and tissues by altering their chemical structure and functions. They also form as a normal part of metabolism. Over time, oxidative stress causes damage to lipids, cell membranes, DNA, cells, and tissues?

Back 21

Free Radicals

Front 22

The developing organism from conception through 8 weeks?

Back 22

Embryo

Front 23

The time period around conception, variously measured in weeks or months depending on the pregnancy outcomes of interest?

Back 23

Periconceptional Period

Front 24

The modification of a replicated strand of DNA by addition of a methyl group (CH3) to specific regions of the strand. IT can suppress the activity of certain genes in ways that affect metabolic processes and disease risk. It is a normal part of development and is needed for cellular differentiation and organ development but can also influence by nutritional and other environmental exposures?

Back 24

DNA Methylation

Front 25

The developing organism from 8 weeks after conception to the moment of birth?

Back 25

Fetus

Front 26

A group of birth defects that are caused by incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, or their protective coverings. One of the most common types of this defect?

Back 26

Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)