Neuroscience: Learning & Memory

Front 1

Describe the long-term memory systems

Back 1

# Declarative

1) Episodic

2) Semantic

# Non-declarative

1) Procedural (skills)

2) Priming & perceptual learning

3) Non-associative learning

4) Classical conditioning

Front 2

What are the non-declarative memory systems?

Back 2

1) Procedural (skills; knowing how. Includes motor memory, eg. riding a bike).

2) Priming & perceptual learning.

3) Non-associative learning (when behaviour towards stimulus changes in the absence of any apparent stimulation/event [such as reward])

> habituation - decreased response through repeated exposure

> sensitisation - increased response through repeated exposure

4) Classical conditioning

Front 3

What are the declarative memory systems?

Back 3

1) Semantic - memory for facts;

2) Episodic - memory for events, experiences.

Front 4

With which part of the brain is episodic memory associated?

Back 4

Hippocampus

Front 5

With which events is the deficit in episodic memory associated?

Back 5

# 1st symptom of MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment)

> MCI often precedes Alzheimer's;

# Huntington's disease;

# follows ECT as depression treatment;

# episodic mem. deficit was described to follow chemotherapy;

Front 6

What is episodic memory?

Back 6

memory of

What, Where & When sth happened

+ autonoetic consciousness

Front 7

Is there episodic memory in animals?

Back 7

There is Episodic-like memory at least in birds & rats.

Hippocampus was shown to be critical for episodic memory in rats.

Front 8

What does Hebb's Law state?

Back 8

"...any two cells or systems of cells that are repeatedly active at the same time wil tend to become 'associated', so that activity in one facilitates activity in the other."

Front 9

What does learning involve on the cellular level?

Back 9

- changes in synaptic function

Front 10

How are long-term memories created?

Back 10

Through LTP - Long Term Potentiation.

> long-lasting changes in synaptic activity - an increase in signal transmission between 2 neurons.