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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
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Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the relationship between immunity, the endocrine system, and the central and peripheral nervous systems
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what is Supersystem dysregulation
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there is a connection btw the nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system,
when this connection is disrupted, health, function and well-being suffer (fatigue, sleep disturbance, impaired physical and mental function, and depression) |
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4. How does stress affect the immune system?
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stress leads to the release of cytokines that can affect the HPA axis and lead to widespread effects on the body (TH1 and TH2 release is modified)
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Th2 skewing vs. Th1 skewing
**Diminished cellular immunity** predisposes to diseases caused by intracellular pathogens (rhinovirus; EBV reactivation) **Enhanced humoral immunity** - predisposes to autoimmunity (autoreactive IgG antibodies that drive MS, RA) - allergy (IgE) |
Th2 skewing
Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha stimulate CRH release from the hypothalamus and thus affect the HPA axis (Th2 shift) |
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Th2 skewing vs. Th1 skewing
**Diminished humoral immunity** - predisposes to diseases caused by extracellular microbes **Enhanced cellular immunity** - predisposes to inflammatory diseases such as IBD |
Th1 skewing
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remember that Cells of the gut include immune cells (T cells, B cells, mast cells,
neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, and dendritic cells) and non-immune cells (enterocytes, M cells, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, etc). and all of them can be controlled by.... |
The Enteric NS
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what is Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)?
role? what 2 substances does it effect, and what does this lead to? |
An immunosuppressive enzyme
Rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism when Trp is depleted: arrests T cells, induces T cell apoptosis, induces Tregs also leads to increased Kyn which generates tolerogenic DCs, suppresses T cell responses |
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in addition to cytokines, what role does IDO play?
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affects serotonin and melatonin
can lead to depression, SZ, etc these ppl will have higher IDO |
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psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the relationship btw what?
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Immune, endocrine, and nervous system
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dude suffers from RA and he has just started med school. He is preparing for his first test in anatomy, he visits your office complaining of a marked increase in RA symptoms, what is responsible for this?
*TEST |
Marked increase in Th2 response
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What do you call chronic or uncontrolled activation of a complex stress response system that negatively impacts a person’s somatic, visceral and psychosocial health
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Allostasis
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Glucocorticoids and catecholamines released
in response to stress have two main effects on the immune system: What are they? |
1) Systemic immunosuppression
2) Th2 (↓ cellular immunity, ↑ humoral immunity) **this is b/c immune cells have GC and NE receptors and cellular function is modulated by these molecules** |
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ENS & Th2 Cytokine with anti-inflammatory effects?
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What is the pro-inflammatory peptide released by the ENS?
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Know this shit...
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A 23-year-old pregnant female presents with generalized anxiety disorder. As an osteopathic physician you educate her about ways to reduce stress and emphasize that during pregnancy, stress is associated with a greater risk of:
1. Allergy 2. High birth weight 3. Preterm birth 4. Scleroderma 5. Vascular disease |
3. Preterm birth
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The neuroimmune modulator released from enteric neurons that has proinflammatory effects by acting on Th1 cells and APCs is:
1. Acetylcholine 2. Epinephrine 3. Norepinephrine 4. Substance P 5. Vasoactive intestinal peptide |
4. Substance P
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Role for inflammatory processes in the etiology of depression?
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1. Elevated inflammatory markers in depressed individuals
2. Induction of depressive symptoms with the administration of proinflammatory cytokines 3. High co-occurrence of depression and diseases that are classified as autoimmune (MS, RA) |