Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the posterior rhythym?
|
- present when you're eyes are closed
- not present when your eyes are open |
|
what are vertex waves & spindles?
|
- vertex waves are when you fall asleep
- sleep spindles are in stage 2 sleep |
|
what is epilepsy?
|
- two or more unprovoked seizures
|
|
what is a seizure?
|
- an interruption in normal neurologic function accompanied by an abnormal hyper synchronous neuronal discharge
|
|
what are the divisions of partial seizures?
|
- simple partial: retained consciousness
- complex partial: impaired consciousness |
|
how do you distinguish partial vs generalized seizures?
|
- refers to onset
- if it starts all over your body at once then it is generalized (generalized almost always have impaired consciousness) |
|
what is the jacksonian march?
|
- spreading of seizure over brain
|
|
what are the prevalence rates of epilepsy in this country?
|
- about 0.5%
|
|
what is Todd's phenomenon? in the arm? in the eye?
|
- when motor seizure only involves part of the body, weakness occurs after, usually resolves promptly <1hr
- eyes: drift away from effected side during seizure then post seizure will drift to the unaffected side |
|
what are positive vs negative signs in a seizure?
|
- negative signs: paralysis, bling, can't feel arm
- positive: stiffness, stars or shapes, parasthesia/tingling/painful |
|
what does early handedness indicate?
|
- hemiparesis --> usually become handed around 2 years old so if at 1 year you have a dominant hand then could be because of hemiparesis
|
|
what can limb asymmetry tell you?
|
- that the contralateral brain hemisphere might be smaller or have a defect
|
|
is motor or sensory more eleptigenic?
|
- motor
|
|
what are some symptoms of partial seizures?
|
- motor signs (jacksonian march)
- autonomic signs: vomiting, mydriasis, sweating, incontinence) - sensory: parasthesias, visual, auditory - psychic signs - automatisms: release of autonomic behavior |
|
what is a generalized tonic clonic seizure?
|
- start with whole body tonic --> clonic jerking
|
|
what is fumbling vs twitching in terms of a seizure? (aka what is automatism)?
|
- fumbling is an ipsilateral side
- twitching is a contralateral sign - automatism is a release syndrome driven by the release of the non-seizure hemisphere |
|
what is an absence seizure?
|
- person talking then they stop and stare into space
- 3 Hz generalized spike wave discharges |
|
What are myoclonic seizures?
|
- 1 or 2 lightening like jerks
|
|
what is the difference by seizure types and syndromes?
|
- types: defined by behavior during seizure
- syndromes: defined by seizure types, patient age, history, family history |
|
when does childhood absence present? what EEG is it characterized by? when does it stop?
|
- onset 4-8y/o
- AD with variable penetrance - 3 Hz spike wave on EEG - stops after 5-8, but can get GTC later in life |
|
what is juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?
|
- chromosome 6, onset 12-18
- myoclonic jerks of head & upper limbs, some have absence - later grand map seizures - photoparyoxysmal response: seizure triggered by strobe lights |
|
what is benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS = rolandic seizures)?
|
- generalized seizures: almost always nocturnal/during sleep
- focal seizures: often early morning, usually on awakening from sleep |
|
what happens with temporal lobe epilepsy?
|
- hallmark seizure: complex partial seizure
- mesial temporal sclerosis |
|
where does west syndrome occur?
|
- infantile spasms --> tonic
|