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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define alexia.
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Alexia: unable to read.
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Define agraphia.
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Agraphia: unable to write.
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Define agnoxia.
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Agnosia: unable to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss.
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Define apraxia.
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Apraxia: loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements.
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Define aphasia.
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Aphasia: loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language.
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How many layers are in paleocortex?
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Paleocortex/olfactory: 3 layers.
1. molecular 2. pyramidal 3. polymorphic |
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How many layers are in archicortex?
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archicortex/hippocampus: 4 layers.
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What are the three cortocal functional areas?
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1. sensory area
2. motor area 3. association area |
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Which cortical layer(s) form the basis form the cognitive reasoning abilities?
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Layer II and III: association areas (unimodal and multimordal).
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List the predominant cells in each of the following layers of the neurocortex.
1. Layer II 2. Layer III 3. Layer IV 4. Layer V |
1. Layer II: small pyramidal cells, association fibers.
2. Layer III: small pyramidal cells, commissural fibers. Ex. Corpus callosum. 3. Layer IV: small granule cells and fibers. Primary sensory area. 4. Layer V: large pyramidal cells. Primary motor area. |
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What is an example of multimordal sensory association area?
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Association cortex of the parietal area: intergrates somatosensory, auditory, visual mordalities to perform language functions such as reading, writing, and understanding speech.
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Name the three primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.
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1. Postsentral gyrus: somatosensory.
2. Cuneate and Ligual gyri: visual sensory. 3. transverse temporal gyrus: auditory sensory. |
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What damage is this?
Loss of touch, sensational or positional sense. |
damage to primary sensory area (postcentral gyri).
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What damage is this?
Inability to localize sound. |
damage to primary sensory area (transverse temporal gyrus).
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What damage is this?
Visual field deficit. |
damage to primary sensory area (cuneate and ligual gyri).
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Where is the sensory association area?
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around the primary sensory area.
For somatosensory: superior and inferior parietal gyri. For visual: rest of occipital area+ middle and inferior temporal gyri. For auditory: superior temporal gyrus. |
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Agnosia is due to damage to ____, agraphestesia and astereognosis are due to damage to ____.
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1. visual association area: occipital lobe or temporal multimordal association area.
2. somatosensory association area: superior and inferior parietal gyri. |
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Name the three major association cortices.
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1. Parietal: attention.
2. Temporal: identification. 3. Fronal: planning, executive. |
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Damage to parietal association cortex leads to ____.
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neglect due to lack of attention. Ex. contralateral neglect syndrom.
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Damage to frontal association cortex leads to ____.
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personality abnormalities.
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Damage to temporal association cortex leads to ____.
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recognition problems due to deficit in identification. Ex. prosopagnesia.
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1. Right hemisphere is dominant in ____.
2. Left hemisphere is dominant in ____. |
1. visual senses.
2. language. |
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Severe neglect of the left body is due to lesion in ____.
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Right parietal associsation cortex lesion.
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Minimal neglect of the right body is due to lesion in ____.
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Left parietal associsation cortex lesion.
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Severe neglect of the right body is due to lesion in ____.
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both right and left parietal association cortices.
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What is prosopagnosia?
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a type of agnosia that is inability to recognize and identify faces.
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Agnosia, especially prosopagnosia is due to lesion in ____.
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Right inferior temporal cortex (temporal association cortex).
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Schizophrenia, alzhiemer's patients have decreased size of ____.
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frontal association cortex: planning neurons that provide a "working memory".
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What transmit information from Werneke's area to Broca's area?
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arcuate fasiculus
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Werneke's and Broca's areas are located in the ____ hemisphere.
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Left.
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Language area on the right hemisphere is specialized for ____.
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visuospatial and emotional process. Prosody of speech.
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Conduction aphasia is due to lesion in ____.
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arcuate fasciculus.
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What is disconnection syndrome?
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disconnection from sensory input.
inability to read, but can write. |
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A patient can speak, cannot comprehend, normal grammar. Where is the lesion?
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Werneke's aphasia. Intact Broca's area.
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Misuse of words indicate lesion in ____.
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arcuate fasciculus (conduction aphasia).
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A patient can comprehend, has intact symbolic language, but cannot speak and has disordered grammar. Where is the lesion?
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Broca's area (Broca's aphasia).
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A patient can't put meaningful inflections o spoken words. Where is the lesion?
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language area on the right hemisphere (aprosodia: motor)
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A patient can't understand infletions attached to heard words. Where is the lesion?
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language area on the right hemisphere (aprosodia: sensory)
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A patient can't speak, but can still write, seem to be disconnected from the sensory input. What is the symptoms called?
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Disconnection syndrome.
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