Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
describe auditory path
|
SLIM41
-SON synapse (40% ipsi LDF -, 60% contra MDF +, acoustic stria bypasses this) -travel in LL -synapse IC -synapse MGN then travel in PLIC auditory radiations to Br 41 (transv gyrus of Herschel) |
|
interpreting Webber test
|
sensorineural problem in silent ear or conductive problem in loud ear
|
|
interpreting Rinne
|
conductive longer than sensorineural
|
|
what happens in near synkinesis
|
1) convergence
2) pupil constrict 3) lens accomod |
|
path of light reflex
|
(general CN2 to para to CN3)
light 1 hemiretina projects to both pretectal. ea pretectal project to both EWN then to ciliary ganglion |
|
injury to CN4
|
(no SO) no depression esp when ADD,
tilt head away from damaged side (cross eyes or look at nose) note: both superior mscles intort (inferior extort) |
|
injury CN6
|
no LR-no abduction
|
|
no CN3
|
down and out, blown pupil can indicate incr ICP uncal herniation
|
|
path for smooth pursuit
|
R Br19 projects to R PPRF which projects to R 6 and, via MLF, L3 (ipsi6, contra3).
R6 innerv R LR, L3 innerv L MR |
|
path for saccade
|
L FEF projects to R PPRF which projects to R 6 and, via MLF, L3 (ipsi6, contra3).
R6 innerv R LR, L3 innerv L MR |
|
signs/sx pinealoma
|
(pretectal lesion)
1) lose EWN, dilate 2) lose 3, no convergence 3) no vertical |
|
INO
|
(internuclear ophthalmoplegia) plaque on MLF.
when say look R or follow to right, L eye doesn't ADD. convergence ok (mscls ok, bypasses MLF) |
|
pt unable to show how cut w scissors
|
disorder of praxis, Dominant parietal
|
|
pt hemineglect
|
disorder ND parietal
|
|
pt construction apraxia
|
disorder ND parietal
|
|
injury to arcuate
|
conduction aphasia (unable to repeat "no if's and's or but's"
|
|
T/F Broca and Wernicke both can't repeat
|
T
|
|
fxn arcuate
|
connects auditory assoc and wernicke's with brocas
|
|
when vestibular hair cells of R depolarized what 3 paths follow
|
1) contra PPRF (drift L, nystag R)
2) to R Brocas 3 causing vertigo 3) R extensors tighten (fall left) NET: ispi nystag and vertigo, contra fall |
|
Hypothal: preoptic
|
sex drive in males
with anterior: temp/osmoR behavioral response |
|
Hypothal: paraventric
|
rel H (oxy to P Pit)
|
|
where circardian rhythm controlled
|
SCN of hypothalamus
|
|
Hypothal: supraoptic
|
osmo R/H2O, ADH
|
|
Hypothal: VM
|
stop eating
|
|
Hypo: arcuate
|
leptin R,
|
|
which part hypothal projects to p pit
|
paraventricular (directly project rel oxy and ADH)
|
|
which part hypothal projects a pit
|
arcuate, rel H at median eminence
|
|
CPCb path dysfxn causes
|
disdiakinesis
tremor dysmetria |
|
SCB dysfxn causes
|
truncal and postural instability
|
|
VCb dysfxn causes
|
truncal instability, equil, nausea, nystag, vertigo
|
|
fastigial of Cb impt for which path
|
SCb
|
|
dentate of Cb impt for
|
CPCb
|
|
gross layers of CB
|
(in to out)
granule purkinje molecular |
|
dentate's location in Cb
|
lateral
|
|
fastigial's location in Cb
|
vermis
|
|
which Cb path uses floccunodular
|
VCb
|
|
general path of Cb paths
|
projection into Cb ends as mossy fiber goes to deep nucleus send collateral to granule of cortex which sends Purkinje which - deep nucleus. output is from the deep nuclei
|
|
superior visual world transmitted by what path
|
Meyer (in lower temporal)--optic radiations
|
|
inferior visual world transmitted by what path
|
superior parietal--optic radiations
|
|
macular sparing: local?
|
calcarine fissue
|
|
altitudinal visual field defect
what assoc condition consider? |
optic n blood supply, sp ciliary effects infr visual world.
think AION w jaw pain, scalp pain |
|
homo quadratinopsia: lesion?
|
optic radiations (Meyer, lower temporal, or superior temporal)
|
|
nonhomon: lesion?
|
optic chiasm
(below=pit tumor, above=craniophar) |
|
monocular visual field defect could be problem in what 2 general things (and exs of ea)
|
1) retina (retinal detach)
2) optic n (oligodendro, MS plaque, CRAO) |
|
path of horiz doll's eye
|
VN to PPRF via MLF to 3.
|
|
how INO effect doll's eye
|
lose both horiz and vert doll's eye bc both use MLF, but can move eyes vertically and can follow vertically
|
|
path of vertical doll's eye
|
VN to 3 and 4 (via MLF) from below
(so when pinealoma use this to check integrity of nerves) |
|
when use vertical doll's eye
|
when pinealoma use this to check integrity of nerves 3, 4
|
|
if can't look up, but positive doll's
|
lesion in FEF path
|
|
water in ear-which way eyes go
|
COWS=cold opposite, warm same
|
|
Cushing reflex
|
(to increased ICP)
HTN, bradycardia, decr RR |
|
what forms BBB
|
choroid plexus epithel, intracerebral capillary endotheliu,. arachnoid (BBB protected by CIA)
key: tight jxns nonfenestrated endothel |
|
cingulate herniation
|
causes infarct ACA
-lower extrem weakness contralaterally -urinary incontinence |
|
uncal herniation causes
|
1) CN3-ipsi ptosis, mydriasis
2) PCA-contra homo hemianopsia 3) contra crus-ipsi paresis |
|
central herniation (both hemi herniate transtentorially)
|
both pupils dilate, placcidity, coma
|
|
cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum
|
complress medulla respir
-duret hemorrhages |
|
what supplies blood for the choroid plexus
|
a choroidal a
|
|
medial striate comes off what?
|
ACA
|
|
medial striate supplies
|
caudate, putamen, ALIC
|
|
loss of medial striate a cause what symptoms
|
frontal ataxia, cb
|
|
lateral striate supplies
|
PLIC and genu, + caudate, putamen, GP
|
|
symptoms of loss of lateral striate a
|
lower contra face, hemiparesis, hemisensory
|
|
problem w anterior circle
|
sensory and motor problems
|
|
problem w posterior circle
|
Cb, vertigo, ataxia; visual defect, coma
|
|
loss of MCA results in
|
head/trunk motor and sensory, aphasia (Broca and Wernicke)
|
|
if lesion LS prox
|
total contralateral paralysis
|
|
ACA controls
|
leg/foot motor and sensory
|
|
lateral striate comes off of
|
MCA
|
|
medial striate comes off of
|
ACA
|
|
problem with a communicating
|
visual field
|
|
P communicating problem causes
|
CNIII palsy
(also supply hypothal and ventral thal) |
|
PCA supplies
|
major supply midbrain, thal (LGN, MGN), optic radiations, visual cortex, hippocampus
|
|
central a of retina comes off
|
ophthalmic
|
|
what enters orbit with CNII
|
opthalmic a
|
|
what supplies blood to hypothalamus
|
p. commun (also ventral thal), 2 MC aneuryism
|
|
most common site aneuryism? causes?
|
a. communicating a,
bitemporal lower quadratanopia |
|
blood supply to CNIII
|
P communicating
|
|
2nd MC aneuryism
|
P commun, supplies hypothal, ventral thal, CNIII
|
|
IC supplied by
|
lateral striate (off MCA), a choroidal a (part medial striate)
|
|
what does a choroidal a supply
|
PLIC, LGN, GP
|
|
where does a choroidal a comes from
|
off internal carotid (not part circle of willis)
|
|
what supplies CN 6
|
pontine a off basilar
|
|
cb supplied by
|
AICbA, SCbA, PICbA
|
|
what a supplies cochlea
|
SCbA
|
|
what supplies crus cerebri
|
CB (medial) by basilar, CS lower extremities PCA
|
|
what supplies PPRF
|
short basilars
|
|
what supplies MLF
|
short basilar
|
|
what supplies nu ambiguus
|
PICbA
|
|
what supplies CN7
|
AICbA
|
|
what are medial structures in pons
|
MLF, Nu6, PPRF
|
|
what order of structures brain starting at medulla/SC jxn
|
medulla
pons midbrain |
|
describe elements mid medulla
|
nucleus ambiguus, (9-11), with nuclei for those CN more central, tract for 5 extends down this far, olives hold DC, ST tracks are outside this,
4th vent, ICP, begin of VN |
|
describe elements medulla/SC jxn
|
crossing of CS (at decussation of pyramids), nu cunneatus, faciles haven't yet crossed
|
|
where do DC paths cross
|
internal arcuate, medulla
|
|
where ST cross
|
AWC upper SC
|
|
describe low medulla
|
tracks: CS diffuse contra, crossing of DC to form ML/TGL man, ST man laterally,
CN: nu 12,10 medial, lateral NA |
|
describe pons medulla
|
EAR SLIDE:
CN: CN 6-8 come in, Nu CN8, VN with ICP/MCP tracks: CS diffuse contra, ML/TGL and ST men lying down, (no 12, no NA,) MLF present, tract 5 |
|
describe mid pons
|
ENTER 5--body now has head!! motor and sensory of 5
tracks: ML/TGL and ST lying down, MLF and PPRF present lateral: SCP/MCP (note 6/7 in low pons) |
|
describe upper pons
|
pear slide
CN4 comes in dorsally, crossing to its nucleus MLF CB/CS diffuse contra in pons, TGL/ML and ST lying above laterally |
|
describe midbrain slide
|
CN 3 coming in at superior colliculus, cerebral aqueduct in center,
Crus!! FP,CS, POT paths TGL/ML and ST outside crus |
|
where does CN4 enter
|
upper pons (pear slide)
|
|
where find PPRF
|
mid pons, with connections CN6 of low pons and VN,
sends neurons via MLF to contra 3 |
|
where CN7 enter
|
pons medulla
|
|
where Nu 8
|
pons/medulla
|
|
when does TGL/ML and ST men have head
|
mid pons (CN5 enters)
|
|
ST secondary neurons' cell bodies are where
|
Rexed Lamina I,II, maringal nu, substantia gelat
|
|
fast pain uses what fiber? type mechano? releases?
|
A1, hi threshold mechanoR, which releases glutamate
|
|
slow pain uses what fiber, type mechanoR, releases
|
S1 vanilloid, uses unmyelinated C fiber, releases subP and glut
|
|
what are the triggers for slow pain path
|
acid, heat, capsaicin, bk
|
|
what are the cerebral targets for slow pain
|
cingulate gyrus, medial frontal lobe, insula
|