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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two sets of branches from the dorsal aorta that supplies brain
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1. anterior circulation: internal carotid artery
2. posterior circulation: vertebral artery |
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The internal carotid artery comes from what artery?
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Common carotid artery
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Vertebral artery comes from which artery?
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Subclavian artery
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Which circulation supplies the forebrain?
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anterior circulation
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Which circulation supplies the brainstem, cerebellum, and upper spinal cord?
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Posterior circulation
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What's so cool about the posterior cerebral artery?
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It's supplied by both carotid and vertebral arteries; responsible for both anterior and posterior circulations.
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What artery is on the ventral side of the pons?
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Basilar artery
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What is the circle of willis?
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1.anterior communicating artery
2. posterior communicating artery |
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Advantage of circle of Willis
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If one side gets blocked, the other side can supply blood still
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If block middle cerebral artery, deficits in
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motor, sensory or language, since it supplies central and lateral cerebral hemispheres, including sensorimotor areas in face/upper extremities and language
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If you block anterior cerebral artery
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Learning problems because damage to cingulate gyrus (part of limbic system)
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If you block the posterior cerebral artery
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1. visual (occipital cortex)
2. memory/emotion (parahippocampal and amygdala) |
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Internal capsule connects
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cortex with spinal cord/limbic etc.
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PICA
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posterior inferior cerebellar artery - supply brainstem.
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AICA
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anterior inferior cerebellar artery - supply brainstem
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Venous drainage - 3 sinuses?
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1. cavernous sinus
2. superior sagittal sinus 3. transverse sinus (which connects with internal jugular vein) |
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Which structure in brain connects posterior and anterior circulation?
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Circle of willis
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Which structure in spinal cord connects posterior and anterior circulation?
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vasocorona
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If you block anterior spinal artery, what disfunction?
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motor problems, because you loss circulation to ventral horn.
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If you block posterior spinal artery, what kind of problems?
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Sensory. Block dorsal root ganglion circulation.
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If anything wants to exit capillary in brain, it must pass through
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a winding tight junction in endothelial cell membrane.
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What molecules can pass through blood brain barrier?
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no big molecules. Only lipid soluble small molecules, glucose (polar, so needs a special glucose transporters).
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Capillaries in brain are surrounded by
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astrocyte end feet which stimulate endothelial cells to form tight junctions. Also provides physical barrier
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3 protective layers that surround and support the brain
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1. dura matter
2. arachnoid matter 3. pia mater note: there's a space between 2 and 3 filled with CSF |
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what connects lateral and 3rd ventricles?
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interventricular foramen of monro
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2 unique foramen in 4th ventricle where CSF comes out to subarachnoid space:
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1. foramen of magendie
2. foramena of luschka note: if CSF can't escape, it accumulates and increases brain pressure. Hydrocephalis. Need to drain using shunt. |
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What does the choroid plexus produce?
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CSF
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how many vertebral arteries are there?
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2; left and right.
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if you knock out anterior spinal artery, lose what function?
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motor, because loss of circulation to ventral horn.
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what occlusion will cause loss of vision?
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posterior cerebral artery
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blocking anterior cerebral artery could result in
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1. sensorimotor to lower limbs
2. accessory motor area in the cingulate gyrus that govern the upper face, and 3. limbic areas in the medial frontal lobe |
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Describe the path of CSF
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1. made by choroid plexus
2. lateral ventricle 3. foramen of monro 4. 3rd ventricle 5. cerebral aqueduct 6. 4th ventricle 7. foramen of magendie 8. spinal cord |
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hydrocephalus
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the occlusion of CSF leading to increased intercranial pressure.
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What are the deep penetrating branches of the middle cerebral artery?
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Lenticulostriate arteries
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Which artery, which arises from the internal carotid artery, supplies the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, globes pallid us, internal capsule, choroid plexus, and lateral ventricles?
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Anterior choroidal artery
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What are the two dorsolateral arteries that supply distinct regions of the medulla and pons?
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PICA and AICA
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what brain region modulates activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and is degenerate in Alzheimers?
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Basal forebrain nuclei
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What arteries supply posterior circulation?
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Vertebral and basilar arteries.
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What artery supplies the anterior circulation?
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Internal carotid artery
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