Nervous System

Front 1

function of the nervous system

Back 1

coordinates and controls body activity

Hint 1

coordinates

Front 2

major structures of the nervous system are: ( 4)

Back 2

brain

spinal cord

peripheral nerves

sensory organs

Front 3

2 major divisions of the nervous system

Back 3

central nervous system : portion that consist of the brain and the spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system : portion that consist of cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic system and ganglia

Hint 3

CNS

and PNS

( abbreviations )

Front 4

basic unit of the nervous system is

Back 4

neuron

Hint 4

nerves

Front 5

3 types of neurons based on their functions :

Back 5

sensory neurons

associated neurons

motor neurons

Front 6

sensory neurons, aka:

Back 6

afferent or ascending, nerves that carry sensory impulses towards the CNS ( sound or light is is converted into electrical impulses )

Front 7

associative neurons, aka:

Back 7

connecting neurons, nerves that carry impulses from one neuron to another

Hint 7

connecting

Front 8

Motor neurons, aka:

Back 8

efferent or descending tracts, nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS and towards the muscle and glands

Hint 8

drives to ...

Front 9

dendrites are

Back 9

root like structures of the neuron that receive impulses and conducts it to the body

combining form : dendr/o

Front 10

Axon is

Back 10

means axis/mainstem . branching fibers in the neurons that lead impulses away from the axon and towards the synapse

combining form: ax/o

Front 11

dendrites and axons are also called

Back 11

nerve fibers

Front 12

nerve fibers are covered with

Back 12

a tube-like membrane called the neurolemma

Front 13

neuron cell bodies grouped together within and outside the CNS are called ?

Back 13

within the CNS is nuclei

on the outside of the CNS is ganglia

Front 14

junction between 2 neurons or between a neuron and a receptor is

Back 14

synapse

combining form: synaps/o

synapt/o

Front 15

neural impulses cause a release of a chemical substance called a______ which allows signals to move from one neuron to another

Back 15

neurotransmitter

Front 16

supportive cells of the nervous system neuroglia or glial consist of 4 cells :

Back 16

astrocytes : astr/o means star shaped

oligodendrocytes : oligo- means few , dendro- means means branching . few branches that hold the nerve fibers together

microglia : micro - means small, small cells that help fight infection

schwann : help form myelin

Hint 16

gli/o means glue

cyte = cells

Front 17

what is myelin and what does is serve . what is it also called

Back 17

also called myelin sheath .

protecting covering over some nerve cells ( spinal cord, white matter of the brain etc.. )

serves as an electrical insulator .

gives nerve fibers a white color and myelinated nerves are called white matter

Front 18

the grey matter is composed of

Back 18

cell bodies, branching, dendrites and neuroglia

Hint 18

4

Front 19

a nerve is

Back 19

one or more bundles of impulse-carrying fibers that connect the central nervous system to the other parts of the body

Hint 19

combining form neur/i

neur/o

Front 20

there are different terms used for nerves . name 3

Back 20

receptors : receive stimulation and transmit

stimuli : something that excites or activates

reflex: automatic, involuntary response to change

Front 21

combining form for brain and spinal cord is

Back 21

brain : encephal/o

spinal cord : myel/o ( also means bone marrow )

Front 22

central nervous system is made up of 2 things

Back 22

the brain and the spinal cord

Front 23

central nervous system contains what kind of matter

Back 23

white and grey matter

white matter contaions myelinated fibers and grey matter consist of nerve cell bodies

Hint 23

2

Front 24

the central nervous system ( brain and spinal cord ) are encased in

Back 24

connective tissue called meninx. since it has 3 layers usually called meninges

Hint 24

membrane

Front 25

combining form for meninges layers of the CNS

Back 25

mening/o

meningi/o

Front 26

what are the 3 layers of the meninges

Back 26

dura mater : dura means tough. it is the thick, tough outermost layer

arachnoid membrane : arachn/o means spide. Its the 2d layer that is looselly attached between the layers that resembles a spiderweb.

Pia mater : pia means soft and tender. third and deepest and softest layer with a rich supply of blood vessels

Hint 26

1- hard

2- spider like

3 - soft

Front 27

dura matter is also called

Back 27

pachymeninx

Hint 27

pachy- means thick

Front 28

pia matr and the arachnoid membranes are called

Back 28

leptomeninges

Hint 28

lepto- means small, thin, frail

Front 29

what does epidural and subdural mean

Back 29

epidural :(epi- : above )means space located above dural mater

subdural : ( sub- below ) means space in the area located below dural matter

Front 30

what does cerebrospinal fluid do

Back 30

its clear, colorless ultrafiltrate that nourishes, cools and cushions the Central nervous system

Front 31

what is the abbreviation for cerebrospinal fluid

Back 31

CSF

Front 32

in wich layer of the meninges is there a secretion of Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 32

pia mater

Hint 32

vascular folds ( blood vessels ) in the ventricles called choroid plexus secrete CSF

Front 33

portion of the skull that encloses e brain is called

Back 33

cranium

combining form : crani/o

Hint 33

intracranial means within the cranium

Front 34

how is the brain divided

Back 34

either on functional group or on location ( ex: spinal cord )

Front 35

cerebrum is

Back 35

combining form is cerebr/o

-largest part of the brain .

-responsible for receiving and processing stimuli and initiating voluntary movement as well as storing information

Front 36

cerebral cortex is made up of what kind of matter

Back 36

made up of grey mater and is arranged in folds /coils.

Front 37

whats gyri

Back 37

elevated portion of the fold in the cerebral cortex

combining form : gyr/o

Front 38

combining form convolut/o means

Back 38

coiled

Front 39

the medullary substance of the cerebrum is made of what kind of mater

Back 39

white mater

Front 40

brain has small cavities called ventricles . how many does the brain have

Back 40

-4

2 lateral ventricles and a 3d and a 4th

Front 41

ventricles of the brain are lined with

Back 41

membrane called ependyma

Front 42

brainstem is

Back 42

stalk like portion of the brain that connects cerebral hemisphere with the spinal cord.

Front 43

interbrain is

Back 43

part of the brainstem that contains structures responsible for the

-endocrine activity

- thirst and water balance

-body temperature

Front 44

the midbrain contains structures responsible for

Back 44

-visual and auditory refexes

-posture and muscle control

Front 45

what allows nerves to cross over so that one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

Back 45

pons

Front 46

medulla oblongata is

Back 46

cranial continuation of the spinal cord

Front 47

spinal cord is continuation of

Back 47

medulla oblongata

Front 48

what does the spinal cord influence and what is it a pathway for

Back 48

influences activity of the limbs and lower part of the body.

it is a pathway for impulses going to and from the brain.

Hint 48

myel/o also combining form for bone marrow

Front 49

where is the white and grey mater in the spinal cord

Back 49

grey mater in the spinal cord is located on the internal portion and not protected by myelin .

White mater is on the external portion wich is myelinated

Hint 49

inside and out and is or isnt myelinated

Front 50

intumescence is the medical term for

Back 50

swelling

Front 51

conus medullaris is

Back 51

cone -shaped end of the spinal cord

Hint 51

conus means cone

Front 52

cauda equina

Back 52

a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots at the end of the conus medullaris that fan outwards and backwards

Front 53

what attaches the conus medullaris to the caudal vertebrae

Back 53

filum terminale

Hint 53

filum means thread like structures

Front 54

why is the spinal cord housed within the vertebrae

Back 54

to protect it from injury

Front 55

what are vertebrae are protected from each other by

Back 55

intervertebral discs, they are layers separating and cushioning the vertebrae from each other

Front 56

the texture of the center and outer layer of the intervertebral disc is

Back 56

center is gelatinous and the outer layer is fibrous

Hint 56

soft on the inside hard on the outside

Front 57

the Peripheral nervous system consist of

Back 57

the cranial nerves

autonomic nervous system

spinal nerves

ganglia

Hint 57

4

Front 58

cranial nerve is

Back 58

part of the PNS, originate from the undersurface of the brain.and are named for the area of function

Hint 58

PNS = peripheral nevous system

Front 59

spinal nerves is

Back 59

part of the PNS arise from the spinal cord. mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body

Hint 59

PNS = peripheral nervous system

Front 60

spinal nerves have dorsal and ventral roots , whats the difference

Back 60

dorsal root : enters the dorsal portion of the spinal cord and carries sensory impulses

ventral root : emerges from the ventral portion of the spinal cord and carries motor impulses from the spinal cord to the the muscle fibers or glands

Hint 60

motor impulses and sensory impulses

Front 61

the autonomic nervous system is

Back 61

part of the PNS, 2 division that work together to maintain homeostasis within the body

Hint 61

pns : peripheral nervous system

homeostasis = process of maintaining stable internal body environment

Front 62

what are the 2 divisions in the autonomic nervous system

Back 62

sympathetic : emergency and stress response (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood flow

etc )

parasympathetic : returns body to normal after stressful response, maintains normal body functions

Hint 62

the affect of stress and to heal