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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-Tropism
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Movement or growth of a plant toward or away from a exogenous stimuli.
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-Geotropism or Gravitropism
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The movement or growth of a plant in response to gravity.
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-Heliotropism
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movement or growth of a plant in response to sunlight.
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-Phototropism
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movement or growth of a plant in response to light or colour of light.
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-Photoperiodism
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The developmental responses of plants to the relative
lengths of dark and light periods. |
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-Nastic Response or movement
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Nastic movements are plant movements that occur in response to environmental stimuli but unlike tropic movements, the direction of the response is not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.
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-Taxes or Tactic movement
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The movement of an entire cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. The direction of the movement is obtained by the direction of the stimulus. (Plants)
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-Kineses
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the movement of an entire cell or organism in response to a external stimulus. (Animals)
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-Homing
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The inherent ability of an animal to navigate towards an original location through unfamiliar areas.
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-True Navigation
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Navigation where in familiar areas animals will use landmarks such as roads, rivers or mountains when flying, or islands and other landmarks while swimming. However, this only works in familiar territory.
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- Celestial Compass
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The navigation of an animal where by they orientate themselves using the sun, moon are stars in one form or another. also known as a sun or moon compass.
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-Circadian Rhythm
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a daily rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous entrainable oscillation of around 24 hours. Although circadian rhythms are endogenous ("built-in", self-sustained), they are adjusted (entrained) to the local environment by external cues called zeitgebers, commonly the most important of which is daylight.
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-Annual Rhythms
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the occurrence of a process or a function in a living organism on a yearly basis. Events that display an annual rhythm can include life cycles, such as those of annual plants, mating behavior; some kinds of movement, such as migration; or growth patterns, such as the growth rings of woody plant stems.
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-Lunar Rhythms
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are phenomena whose timing corresponds to a lunar month, the moon’s (roughly) 29.5 day orbit around earth. In some cases these rhythms may depend on external cues, such as a greater or smaller amount of moonlight due to the moons phases. In other cases, for example the approximately-monthly cycle of menstruation, the correlation in timing may reflect no known lunar influence.
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-Tidal Rhythms
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are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun and the rotation of the Earth. Some locations experience only one high and one low tide each day, called a diurnal tide. Some locations experience two uneven tides a day, or sometimes one high and one low each day; this is called a mixed tide.
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-Mutualism
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other wise known as symbiosis is a interspecies relationship which is beneficial to both organisms involved.
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-Neutralism
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Describes the relationship between two species that interact but do not affect each other
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-Exploitation
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Is a term given a relationship between organisms where one or more receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms.
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-Herbivory
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The practice of being a herbivore. Consuming a diet of plants or plant like organisms such as seaweed or plankton.
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-Predation
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A biological interaction where a predator fed on its prey. This is a prime example of a exploitive relationship.
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-Parasitism
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The relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it.
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-Territoriality
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Is a form of communication aimed at establishing a defined territory. Often scents, calls and behaviors characterize this display in animals.
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-Hierarchical
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The nature of a hierarchy; arranged in order of rank.
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-Co-operative Breeding
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a social system characterized by selective breeding; where helpers provide care for offspring produced by breeding group members.
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-Courtship Display
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Courtship display is a special, sometimes ritualised, set of behaviors, which some animals perform as part of courtship.
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-Home Range
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is the area in which an animal lives and travels. It is closely related to, but not identical with, the concept of “territory” which is the area that is actively defended.
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-Kin Selection
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Altruistic behavior, an example being the protection of offspring, where the parent has the instinctive belief that preserving the gene pool of the offspring is of higher priority than the existence of themselves.
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-Agnostic Behaviour
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any social behavior related to fighting
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-Auxin
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a plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth.
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-Exogenous
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outside and organism
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-Endogenous
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inside an organism
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-Entrainment
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is essentially adaptations of behavior based on cues from the exogenous environment called Zeitgebers
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-Free Running Period
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A cycle of activity not matched to environmental cues is called a free running cycle, and its length is called the period. The period often deviates slighty from the 24 hour cycle, but can be reset to match the 24 hour cycle via entrainment.
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-Zeitgeber
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a rhythmically occurring natural phenomenon which acts as a cue in the regulation of the body's circadian rhythms
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-Biological Clock
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an innate mechanism that controls the physiological activities of an organism which change on a daily, seasonal, yearly, or other regular cycle.
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