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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the dosage for Misoprostol (Cytotec) for postpartum hemorrhage?
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800-1000 mcg pr
or 600 mcg po |
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Bacteruria:
ACOG suggest treatment when colony levels reach ____ units/mL? |
25,000-100,000 units/mL
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What is Goodell's sign?
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Softening of the cervix
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Any 1+ protein dip (or greater) requires subsequent testing with clean catch specimen. Finding of 1+ or greater from clean catch requires _____?
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24 hour urine collection.
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What is the recommended dosage of folic acid under normal circumstances?
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400 i.u.
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What is the recommended dosage of folic acid with history of neural tube defects?
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5 mg
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In utero, if Rh+ blood (fetal) enters Rh- blood (maternal), maternal antibodies to Rh+ can pass to fetus. This is known as ____?
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Sensitization.
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Protection from anti-D Ig lasts ____ weeks.
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12 weeks
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Uterine size, bi manual, in first trimester. How large is the uterus suspected to be at 8 weeks? 10 weeks? 12 weeks?
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8 weeks: tennis ball
10 weeks: orange 12 weeks: grapefruit |
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What is the normal AFI at 38 weeks?
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1000 ml or 1 litre.
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Polyhydramnios: How is it defined?
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By a fluid volume more than 1500 ml, AFV > 8cm or AFI > 24 cm
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What are some possible causes of polyhydramnios?
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Multiple's
NTD's GDM Erythroblastosis Fatalis Fetal malformations of GI tract or CNS |
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What are some risks of polyhydramnios?
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Malpresentations
abruption uterine dysfunction PPH cord prolapse PTL pPROM |
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Oligohydramnios: How is it defined?
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by a fluid volume < 300 ml
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What are some causes of oligohydramnios?
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Congenital anomalies
IUGR PROM Post maturity syndrome |
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What are the risks of oligohydramnios?
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Congenital anomalies
cord compression lung hypoplasia limb deformities |
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How does Rhogam work?
and What is the dosage? |
Rhogam prevents sensitization by supressing the production of antibodies in response to receipt of RH+ antigen.
Dosage= 300 mcg ~unless otherwise indicated, |
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How is a hematoma assessed and managed?
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If hematoma is < or equal to 4 cm, and is not enlarging, manage expectantly; apply ice for 24 hours then heat. Order antibiotics.
If hematoma is > 4 cm and/or enlarging, consult physician and transport for possible incision and drainage, ligation of bleeding vessels, closure, and wound packing. Blood loss is > than expected. |
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What do keytones in urine signal?
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maternal fasting
insufficient dietary intake dehydration diabetes |
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What do nitrates in urine signal?
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UTI
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High levels of what hormone cause uterine muscle fibers to display oxytocic receptors and form gap junctions with each other?
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Estrogen
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What is the preferred treatment for endometritis?
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Penicillin or Clindamycin in combination with an aminoglycoside.
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What is subinvolution and what is it's cause?
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Prolonged involution or failure of involution; caused by retained placenta/products of conception, fibroids
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What is the dosage for Methergine for PPH?
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.2mg q 4 hrs for 6 doses
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What is the dosage for Vitamin K?
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1 mg IM
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Where is oxytocin produced?
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Posterior pituitary
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Where is prolactin produced?
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Anterior pituitary
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LBW is defined as < ____ grams?
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< 2500 g or 5 1/2 lbs.
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Describe the Glucose Challenge Test.
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50 g of glucose is ingested and 1hr later labs are drawn. A 1 hour plasma glucose level < 140 passes. > 140 needs OGTT.
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Describe the OGTT?
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After fasting for 8-14 hours, 100 g glucose is ingested. Labs are drawn at 1, 2 and 3 hours. Is diagnostic of GDM when two or more values are exceeded.
Values are: Fasting: 105 mg/dL 1 hr: 190 2 hr: 160 3 hr: 145 |
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Where are the Bartholin's glands?
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Posterior part of labia majora
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What is the vestibule?
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area enclosed by labia minora
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UTI's are associated with...
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Pyelonephritis
PTL LBW infant PROM IUGR |
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What hormone maintains the integrity of the decidua so shedding does not take place after conception?
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Progesterone
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High levels of what hormone suppress production of FSH?
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Estrogen
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Hemoglobin: what are desired levels through each trimester?
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1st trimester: > 11
2nd trimester: > 10.5 3rd trimester: > 11 |
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Hematocrit: what are desired levels through each trimester?
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1st: > 33%
2nd: > 32% 3rd: > 33% |
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Name the DEEP muscles of the pelvic floor:
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Levator Ani muscles:
Pubococcygeus Iliococcygeus Ischiococcygeus |
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Name the three layers of the embryonic plate:
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Ectoderm: skin and CNS
Mesoderm: muscles, bones, heart, blood vessels Endoderm: mucous membranes and glands |
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What does the Ductus Venosus connect to in the fetal circulatory system?
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Ductus Venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava.
* from vein to vein* |
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When do hCG levels peak?
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7-10 weeks
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Which hormones are under pituitary control?
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FSH
LH Prolactin Oxytocin |
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Edema: If edema reaches the knees, affects the face, or is increasing in fingers, it may be indicative of ___________, if other markers are present.
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Gestational Hypertesion, Pre-Eclampsia
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Fetal circulation: follow fetal blood from the Left Atrium to the Right Atrium
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Left Atrium
Left Ventricle Aorta Systemic Circulation Umbilical Arteries Placenta Umbilical Vein Ductus Venosus Inferior Vena Cava Right Atrium (Foramen Ovale) |
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What is the normal newborn temperature range?
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96.8-98.6
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IUGR/SGA
How is this evaluated? |
Evaluate growth: if < 2 cm growth in 4 weeks, confirm with ultrasound by 2 ultrasounds < or equal to 4 weeks apart.
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What is Down's Syndrome otherwise known as and what is it associated with in maternal serum?
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Trisomy 21, associated with low AFP.
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When does the embryonic period begin?
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conception
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When does the fetal period begin?
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9-11 weeks
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Teratogen's have three periods of susceptibility. Describe them.
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a. Resistant period: week 1 of development
b. Maximum susceptibility period: weeks 3-8 c. Lowered susceptibility period: weeks 9-38 |
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Which category of drug is 'absolutely contraindicated' in pregnancy?
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Category X
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Which category of drug shows 'Definite risk' to fetus?
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Category D.
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Describe pre-eclampsia and explain the risks.
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Development of elevated blood pressure with proteinuria occuring after 20-24 weeks.
Risks: kidney, liver failure, seizures, hemorrhage. |
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Describe Gestational Hypertension and list the risks.
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Increased BP with no proteinuria. Risks: cardiac problems, peripheral edema
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What is Erythroblastosis Fatalis otherwise known as?
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Hemolytic disease of newborn
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Describe DIC.
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Due to massive release of thromboplastins into the circulation, widespread clotting will occur throughout the body, depleting available circulating platelets.
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Describe Post Maturity Syndrome.
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Occurs in 25% of postdates pregnancies
Due to uteroplacental ineffeciency Risks: respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, temperature instability |
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What is the standard doseage of Vitamin K?
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1 mg IM
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What is Hegar's sign?
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Softening of the isthmus
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What is Homan's sign?
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calf pain, when sharply flex foot, DVT
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What is Chadwick's sign?
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bluish discoloration of vaginal walls and cervix
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Where is AFP secreted?
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first secreted by yolk sac, then by fetal liver
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What are the five components of the BPP?
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NST
Tone Movements Breathing efforts AFV |
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Define 'lysis'
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Disintegration, break down
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What layer of the decidua does the placenta form?
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Decidua Basalis
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Is the 'indirect' Coombs test for maternal or fetal testing?
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Maternal
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Is the 'direct' Coombs test for maternal or fetal testing?
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Fetal
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What is Couvade syndrome?
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"sympathetic pregnancy"
Someone close to the mother, most often her partner, experiences symptoms of pregnancy. |
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Define 'diaphoretic'
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Sweating
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The anterior fontanel closes at _______ months.
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18 months
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True or False.
Head compression causes vagal nerve stimulation. |
True.
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Define hypertrophy.
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cells increase in size
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Define hyperplasia.
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cells increase in number
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When does the fetal heart begin beating?
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4 weeks post conception
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When should an infant double it's birth weight? Triple?
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Double by 6 months
Triple by 12 months |
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Define 'Iatrogenic'
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Caused by 'care providor.'
Iatra=greek word for doctor |
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Define 'Eutocia'
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normal labor
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Explain values in Rubella Titres
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>1:10 = current immunity
>1:64 = current infection |
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List some hormones produced by the placenta:
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progesterone
estrogen hcg human placental lactogen |
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What occurs just before menstruation to stimulate shedding?
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Progesterone drops>>>
the corpus luteum degerates>>> shedding is stimulated |
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What makes the vaginal pH acidic?
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Doderlein's bacillus:
An anerobic lactobacillus normally present in the vagina where it continually converts glycogen molecules to produce lactic acid which destroys or inhibits some potentially harmful bacteria entering the vaginal canal. http://www.definition-of.com/Doderlein+bacillus |
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Define Priapism
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Priapism is the presence of a persistent, usually painful, erection of the penis unrelated to sexual stimulation or desire. It is a true urologic emergency that may lead to permanent erectile dysfunction and penile necrosis if left untreated. Priapism is frequently idiopathic in etiology but is associated with a number of important medical conditions and pharmacologic agents.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/777603-overview |
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Define Pyloric Stenosis
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Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pylorus, the opening from the stomach into the small intestine.
First symptom in the infant is usually projectile vomiting |
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Define Gastroschisis
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Gastroschisis is a birth defect in which an infant's intestines stick
out of the body through a defect on one side of the umbilical cord. |
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Define ecchymosis
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Bruising
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In fetal circulation, what allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium?
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Foramen Ovale
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In fetal circulation, what allows blood to bypass the lungs?
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Ductus Arteriosis
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Define analgesia
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absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
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Define anesthesia
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loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness
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Define anesthetic
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Relating to or resembling anesthesia. Causing anesthesia. Insensitive.
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Where are the Skene's glands?
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Near the urethra. 'periurethral'
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Explain spinnbarkeit
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fertile cervical mucous
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Define Meiosis
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Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces gametes with half as many chromosomes
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Define Mitosis
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Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei.[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis |
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What is Piskacek's sign?
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asymmetric enlargement of the body of the pregnant uterus as a result of its enlargement in the cornual region, usually over the site of implantation.
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Define hypoxemia
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Hypoxemia refers to refers to a condition when oxygen content in the arterial blood is low as also the partial pressures in the arterial blood.
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Define Asphyxia
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Asphyxia is the absence of oxygen along with the accumulation of carbon dioxide.
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Define hypoxia
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Hypoxia is the deficiency of oxygen in some specific part of the body.
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What is the Mantoux test also know as?
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The TB screen
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