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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What events marked the beginning and end of the Baroque period?
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1600- Development of opera- idea of pure expression
1750- Bach's death |
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What does Baroque imply?
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Bizarre, elaborate, ornate, flamboyant, Age of Absolutism (King Louis 14th of France),
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What were the social and political conditions that influenced the development of Baroque music?
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-Humanism
-Protestant Reformation -Rich wanted to be entertained and didn't want to get bored; Rulers exercised absolute power over subjects -Scientific discoveries and advances by Newton and Galileo |
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In what ways is Baroque music a vast departure from Renaissance music?
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-Dynamics
-More homophonic than polyphonic -instruments -Basso Continuo |
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Early Baroque Era
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-Text over music
-Melody with accompaniment -Basso Continuo -Contrasts in timbre |
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Middle Baroque Era
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-Major and minor tonalities
-Rising importance of chords and harmony -Rising importance of instrumental genres -Terraced dynamics (steps immediately from soft to loud or loud to soft) |
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Late Baroque Era
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-Doctrine of Affections (no words, intentionally duplicating human emotions)
-Continuity of rhythm and melody (no clear cut phrases) -Word painting |
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How did music function in Baroque society and what were the roles of musicians during this era?
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-Functioned as entertainment for aristocracies
- Musicians: -servants, composers, conductors, performers, or teachers |
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What were the primary contributions of Baroque opera and in what other genres are the contributions found?
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1. Opera- drama set to music
2. Story soloist (character, hero, heroin, villain) 3. Greek tragedy/Mythology 4. Began in Venice-center of entertainment 5. Castrati- castrated men in order to sing the soprana part and play femail roles 6. Cantata and Oratorio |
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Aria
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Vocal solo, emotional reflection accompanied by full orchestra, virtuosic, repetitive
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Recitative
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Vocal solo that unfolds the drama, accompanied by basso continuo, melody accompanied by an organ, harpsichord of cello, bass, or bassoon
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Johann Sebastian Bach
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-Lived in Germany
-Organist -Lutheran -Solo de Gloria -Cantor (church musician) at Leipzig -director of church music -Chorals: hymns contributes to theme -wrote over 300 cantatas |
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Cantata
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-Cantatas: Church, worship music sounding like operas
-every cantata ends with a choral -recitative and arias -multimovement -soloists -chorus and orchestras -one central theme from scriptures and the sermon -expressive and entertaining for church worship..no more a cappella chants |
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Antonio Vivaldi
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-italian violinist
-Priest-catholic -450 concertos: only orchestra, no voices, always features solo instrument -spring concerto -3 movements (fast/slow/fast) -Ritornello form (ABACADA) -program music: instrumental music telling a story without words |
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George Frederic Handel
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-German with Italian influences
-Favored in London England -Oratorios: dramatic sacred multimovement -Messiah: 1741 -3 parts -"Hallelujah chorus" -word painting, uses monophonic when talking about one God, King of kings= polyohonic, When it says Hallelujah people unite together in homophony |
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Opera
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Drama set to music with recitative and aria. Stories feature Greek tragedy or mythology. Story features a soloist either a hero, heroin, or villan
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Oratorio
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A play that is set to music but the topic is always sacred or religious
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Cantata
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Church worship music sounding like operas with recitatives and arias. One central theme from the scriptures and the sermon
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Basso continuo
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improvisation..bass line supporting a melody with chords built on top
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doctrine of affections
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intentionally imitating human emotion without words
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De Capo Aria
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form of an opera ABA
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Chorale
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hymn, everyone sings chorals/hymns, contributes to theme..every contata ends with a chorale
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