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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The purpose of the the muscular system? |
Body movement Body and shape, to maintain posture Body and heat, to maintain body temperature |
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Which system does the muscle help with? |
Cardiovascular system |
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Muscle functions |
Skeletal muscle: striated and voluntary, to produce movement Smooth muscle: non striated and involuntary, helps organs perform their function Cardiac muscle: striated and involuntary, found only in heart and allows heart to function as a pump Sphincter muscle: special circular muscles (esophagus, small intestines, anus) |
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4 common characteristics of muscles ( C^3) |
Contractility: ex. Flexing Excitability: ex. Spasms, seizures (cant control) Extensibility: ex. Stretch Elasticity : the ability to return to the original length when relaxing. |
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Tendons and ligaments |
Tendons: connect muscle to bones Ligaments: connect bone to bone |
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Origin |
part of skeletal muscle that attaches to a bone that moves the least during muscle contraction |
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Insertion |
The other end of skeletal muscle that attaches to a movable part during contraction. |
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Agonist and antagonist |
Counter out eachother one gets big while the other gets small. |
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What is the major source of energy |
ATP Adenosine triosphate |
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What do the cells require to make ATP |
oxygen, glucose and other materials brought to the cell by the circulating blood |
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Factors that effect muscle contraction |
Strength of the stimulus The duration of the stimulus The speed of the application The weight of the load Tempeture |
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Strength of stimulus |
A weak stimulus will not bring about a contraction |
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Duration of the stimulus |
Even if the stimulus is strong, of only applied for a millisecond, it may not be long enough to be effective. |
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The speed of the application |
Strong stimulus applied quickly and quickly pulled away may not have enough time to take effect. |
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The weight of the load |
One may be able to pick up a basket with one hand but not a table. |
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What tempeture does the muscle operate best at? |
Normal body temp. |
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Terms that describe muscle movement |
Origin and insertion: the attachments of the muscle. Prime mover: the muscle most responsible for movement achieved by the muscle group. Synergist and antogonist: works with or has an opposing action. |
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A single muscle fiber contracts in |
All or nothing response |
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A whole muscle contracts |
Partially |
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A whole muscle increases its force of contraction by... |
Recruitment of additional muscle fibers |
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What 2 words describe the contractile activity of a WHOLE muscle? |
Twitch Tetanus: refers to a sustained muscle reaction. |
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Energy for muscle contraction came be obtained from 3 sources |
Burning fuel aerobically Burning fuel anerobically Metabalizing creatine phosphate ( nutrients) |
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Prime mover |
The muscle MOST responsible for the movement achieved by the muscle group |
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Synergist and antagonist |
Works with or has an opposing action |
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Muscle twitch |
A single muscle contraction |
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Motor neuron |
Nerve cell that stimulates all the skeletal muscles with in a motor unit |
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Motor unit |
Motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates |
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Axon |
Junction between the mother neurons fiber which transmits the impulse |
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Sarocolemma |
The muscle cell membrane Is the neuromuscular junction |
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The gap between the axon and the end of the muscle cell is know as |
Synaptic cleft |
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Acetylcholine |
Nerotransmitter |
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Atrophy |
Can occur when muscles are used infrequently |
