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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The deep fascia of the leg is called ?
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crural fascia
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Crural fascia attaches 3 places?
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-proximally to epicondyles of femur and tibial tuberosity (continuous with fascia lata)
-along length of anterior tibia -distally to medial and lateral malleolus |
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What are the three specialized thickenings of crural fascia at ankle/what do they do?
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-extensor rentiaculum, fibular retinaculum, flexor rentinaculum
-serve to hold down tendons crossing ankle |
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The leg is divided into ?
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interosseous membrane and 3 intermuscular septum
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The compartments of the leg (4) are called ?
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-anterior leg compartment
-lateral leg compartment -superficial posterior leg compartment -deep posterior leg compartment |
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Muscles of the anterior leg compartment are oriented?
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muscles pass from leg to dorsal foot-cross anterior side of ankle joint
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Muscles of the anterior leg compartment produce what actions?
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dorsiflexion of ankle joint and extension of digits or inversion-eversion of foot
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Tibialis anterior m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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anterior
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Origin of tibialis anterior m.?
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anterior-lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
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Insertion of tibialis anterior m.?
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first metatarsal bone (medial side of foot)
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Action of tibialis anterior m.?
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dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
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Extensor digitorum longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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anterior
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Origin of extensor digitorum longus m.?
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anterior fibula (upper fibula)
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Insert of extensor digitorum longus m.?
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via 4 tendons to digits 2-5
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Action of extensor digitorum longus m.?
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extension of digits 2-5; dorsiflexion of foot
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Extensor hallucis longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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anterior
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Origin of extensor hallucis longus m.?
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anterior fibula (distal fibula)
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Insert of extensor hallucis longus m.?
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digit 1 (base of distal phalanx)
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Action of extensor hallucis longus m.?
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extension of big toe; dorsiflexion of foot
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Orientation of extensor hallucis longus m.?
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body of extensor hallucis longus is deep to tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus m. - its tendon passes across ankle between tendons of these 2 muscles
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Fibularis Tertius (peroneus tertius) m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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anterior
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Origin of fibularis tertius m.?
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anterior fibula (distal fibula)
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Insertion of fibularis tertius m.?
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5th metatarsal bone (lateral side of foot)
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Action of fibularis tertius m.?
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dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
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Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis are where?
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only muscles on dorsum (top side) of foot
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Origin of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis m.?
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calcaneus bone
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Insert of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis m.?
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via 4 tendons to digit 1 (hallucis) and digits 2-4 (digitorum); tendons join with tendons of extensor hallucis longus or extensor digitorum
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Action of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis m.?
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extends digits 1-4
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Orientation of muscles of lateral leg compartment?
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tendons pass down leg and behind lateral malleolus (posterior to ankle joint)
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Actions of muscles of lateral leg compartment?
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mainly evertors of the foot, but since tendons pass behind lateral malleolus, also assist in plantar flexion at ankle joint
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Fibularis longus (peroneus longus) m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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lateral
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Orientation of fibularis longus m?
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superficial muscle of lateral leg; nd lateral malleolus, then diagonally completely across plantar foot to the medial side
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Origin of fibularis longus m.?
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lateral fibula (proximal half)
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Insert of fibularis longus m.?
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medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones (plantar surfaces)
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Fibularis brevis m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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lateral
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Fibularis brevis m. is the ___ muscle of the ____
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deep; lateral leg
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Origion of fibularis brevis m.?
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lateral fibula (distal half)
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Insert of fibularis brevis m.?
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base of 5th metatarsal bone (next to insertion of fibularis tertius)
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Muscles of the superficial posterior leg compartment all insert onto _____ via _____/ produce what action?
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calcaneus bone via calcaneal tendon; plantar flexion of foot
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Gastrocnemius m. is the most ____ muscle of the ______ leg compartment
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superficial; superficial posterior
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Origin of gastrocnemius m.?
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via 2 heads from medial and lateral epicondyles of femur; becomes tendinous at mid leg
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Soleus m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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superficial posterior
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Orientation of soleus m.?
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deep to gastrocnemius
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Origin of soleus m.?
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horseshoe arrangement: soleal line of tibia & posterior fibula
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Plantaris m. belongs to what group of muscles of the leg?
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superficial posterior
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Origin of plantaris m.?
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lateral epicondyle of femur
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Description of plantaris m.?
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small muscle with long, thin tendon running between soleus and gastrocnemius muscles
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What is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body?
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the calcaneal tendon
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What do the superficial posterior muscles do during walking?
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raise the heel against the weight of the body
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What do the superficial posterior muscles do while standing?
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pull back on the leg, thus stabilizing the ankle joint by preventing dorsiflexion of the foot (falling forward at ankle joint)
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What muscle becomes tendinous at mid leg?
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gastrocnemius m.
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The medial- and lateral-inferior borders of popliteal fossa are formed by what?
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medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius m.
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Popliteus m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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deep posterior
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Origin of popliteus m.?
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lateral epicondyle of femur
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Insert of popliteus m.?
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posterior tibia, above soleal line
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Action of popliteus m.?
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lateral rotation of femur or "unlocks" knee joint which initiates flexion of the leg
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Tibialis posterior m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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deep posterior
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Orientation of tibialis m., flexor digitorum longus m., and flexor hallucis m.?
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pass behind medial malleolus (posterior to ankle joint) and enter deep plantar foot; tibialis m. is the deepest
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Origin of tibialis m.?
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posterior tibial and fibula and interosseous membrane
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Insert of tibialis m.?
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navicular bone (medial side of plantar foot)
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Action of tibialis m.?
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plantar flexion and inversion of foot
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Flexor digitorum longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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deep posterior
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Origin of flexor digitorum longus m.?
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posterior tibia - medial to tibialis posterior
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Insert of flexor digitorum longus m.?
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via 4 tendons to distal phalanges 2-5 (plantar surfaces)
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Action of flexor digitorum longus m.?
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flexes lateral 4 toes; plantar flexion of foot
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Flexor hallucis longus m. belongs to what leg compartment?
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deep posterior
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Origin of flexor hallucis longus m.?
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posterior fibula
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Insert of flexor hallucis longus m./orientation of tendon?
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-plantar surface, distal phalanx of big toe
-tendon passes behind medial malleolus, and runs down plantar side of medial foot |
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Action of flexor hallicus longus m.?
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-flexes big toe (digit 1); plantar flexion of foot
-powerful muscle that provides last push off by foot during walking, running |
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The tendons of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallicus longus muscles must do what?
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cross each other as they enter the plantar foot
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The muscles of the plantar foot are covered by what?
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plantar aponeurosis - deep fascia of sole of foot
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The plantar foot contains _____ plus ______.
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the tendons of muscles from the leg; 4 layers of foot muscles
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Orientation of the first layer of plantar foot muscles?
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found immediately deep to plantar aponeurosis
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Abductor hallucis m. is in what layer of the foot?
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first layer
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Orientation of abductor hallucis m.?
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overlies tendons of deep posterior leg muscles entering foot
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Origin of abductor hallucis m.?
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calcaneus bone
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Insert of hallicus m.?
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proximal phalanx of great toe
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Action of abductor hallucis m.?
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abducts and flexes great toe; supports longitudinal arch of foot
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Abductor digiti minimi m. belongs to what layer of the foot?
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first layer
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Origin of abductor digiti minimi m.?
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calcaneus bone
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Insert of abductor digiti minimi m.?
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proximal phalanx of little toe
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Action of abductor digiti minimi m.?
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abducts and flexes little toe; supports longitudinal arch of foot
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Flexor digitorum brevis m. belongs to what layer of the foot?
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first layer
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Origin of flexor digitorum brevis m.?
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calcaneus bone
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Insert of flexor digitorum brevis m.?
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via 4 tendons to digits 2-5
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Action of flexor digitorum brevis m.?
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flexes lateral 4 toes (digits 2-5)
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Tendons of what two muscles are in the second layer of the foot?
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flexor digitorum longus m. and flexor hallucis longus m.
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Quadratus plantae m. belongs to what layer of the foot?
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second layer
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Origin of quadratus plantae m.?
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calcaneus bone
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Insert of quadratus plantae m.?
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onto tendon of flexor digitorum longus m.
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Action of quadratus plantae m.?
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flexes lateral 4 toes; increases longitudinal pull of flexor digitorum longus (which enters foot medially and tends to pull preferentially in that direction)
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