Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Triple whammy |
Ace I + diuretic + Nsaid |
|
PROMPT for differential diagnosis |
Probability Red flags Often missed Masquerades Patient wants to tell me something |
|
7 masquerades |
Depression Drugs Diabetes Anemia Thyroid Uti Spinal |
|
Extrapulmonary TB is linked with... |
Think about HIV |
|
SLE key tests |
ANA (sensitive) DsDNA (specific) ENA (Smith) ESR Crp Rf |
|
Scleroderma types |
Cutaneous Cutaneous with limited organ involvement (CREST) Systemic sclerosis |
|
Divergent squint |
3rd nerve palsy |
|
Convergent squint |
6th nerve palsy |
|
Bowel obstruction examination tips |
Check hernia orifices and PR |
|
Back metastases |
Prostate Breast Lungs Thyroid Kidneys Melanoma |
|
Virchow triad bleeding |
Coagulation factors Platelet deficiencies Vascular defects |
|
DIC (causes of) |
Septicemia Obstetric emergency Disseminated malignancy Malaria Snake bite |
|
Serious disorders not to miss |
Malignancy Myocardial ischemia / CVS issues Serious infections |
|
Severe pneumonia for hospitalisation obs |
RR > 30 HR > 125 BP < 90/60 Spo2 < 92℅ Pao2 < 60 WCC <4 or >20 Altered mental state |
|
Viral labyrinthitis = ... |
Vestibular neuronitis + hearing loss + tinnitus |
|
COPDX |
Confirm diagnosis Optimise function Prevent deterioration Develop self management plan Manage exacerbations |
|
Copd - optimise function (SMOKES) |
Smoking cessation Medications, vaccinations Oxygen Comorbidities Exercise Surgery/bullectomy |
|
Precocious puberty age cutoffs |
Boys < 9yo Girls < 8yo
Boys always need head imaging to rule out pituitary adenoma |
|
Kawasaki disease |
Fever > 39 for five days Bilateral conjunctivitis Peripheral changes (desquamation of hands) Mucus membrane changes (strawberry tongue, ulcers) Poly morphous rash Cervical lymphadenopathy > 15mm |
|
HEEADSS |
Home Education, employment Exercise, eating Activities Drugs, alcohol Sexuality Suicide, depression |
|
Cervical cancer, which HPV types account for 70% of causes? |
Types 16 & 18 |
|
HPV is found in ...% of cervical cancers |
99.7% |
|
Pap smear during pregnancy? |
Safe in 1st and 2nd trimesters (until 24 weeks) Do NOT use endocervical brush or Combi |
|
After treating HSIL, follow up recommendations: |
4 to 6 months: Repeat cervical cytology + colposcopy Every 12 months: cervical cytology + HPV testing. Continue until negative for both tests for two consecutive times. |
|
Possible or definite LSIL |
- Repeat pap 12 monthly until 2x normal smears. If lsil again, refer for colposcopy.
- If >30yo and no negative smears in 2 to 3 years (i.e. abnormal smear previously) -> refer for colposcopy, or... -> repeat pap in 6 months |
|
Possible or definite HSIL |
Refer for colposcopy |
|
Breast lump triple test |
1. Clinical examination 2. Imaging (USS, mammogram, MRI) 3. Histo (fna, core biopsy) |
|
How to confirm anovulation? With blood tests |
Serum progesterone LH and FSH (pituitary hormones) |
|
Menopause (symptom groups) |
Vasomotor Psychological Musculoskeletal Urogenital Skin |
|
HRT for woman with uterus |
Need to use Progestogen (eg. medroxyprogesterone) In addition to estrogen (eg. Premarin) To counteract effect of uterine hyperplasia |
|
Rh negative with PV bleed in pregnancy. |
If absent Rh antibodies, give anti d within 72h (3 days) Anti d routine at 28 and 34 weeks |
|
Pregnancy weight gain |
12kg is expected weight gain 3kg in first 20week 0.5kg per week thereafter |
|
Acne principles of treatment |
1. Comedolysis 2. Antibiotics 3. Reduce sebaceous activity |
|
Breslow thickness |
Measured from granular layer of epidermis. |
|
Finger nail clubbing |
Hereditary Respiratory (cancer, fibrosis) Cardiac (endocarditis) Liver (cirrhosis) GI (crohn) |
|
Genital warts HPV type |
Types 6 & 11 |
|
Incontinence urinary types |
Stress - Exercise, coughing Urge - sudden strong urge to urinate due to overactive or unstable bladder, neurology Overflow - bladder outflow obstruction Mixed |