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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the blood supply to the femur
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1. ligamentum teres
2. Medial circumflex artery 3. Lateral circumflex artery (Femoral artery -> profunda feromis (deep femoral) -> lateral/medial circumflex arteries) |
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Describe the bony anatomy of the femur
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-head of femur
-neck of femur -greater trochanter -leser trochanter -Shaft |
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Describe the 3 areas of bone
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-Epiphysis
-Metaphysis -Diaphysis |
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Describe the landmarks of an intracapsular hip fracture
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below the femoral head -> base of femoral neck
(Fracture @ intertrochanteric line = extracapsular fracture ) |
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Describe the late changes of OA in the hip
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-fixed flexion ( w/ Thomas's test )
-internal rotation -aDduction |
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What X-ray changes are seen in Osteoarthritis
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(LOSS)
-Loss of joint space -Osteophytes -Subchondral sclerosis -Subchondral cysts |
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What X-ray changes are seen with Rheumatoid arthritis
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-Bony erosions
-Periarticular osteopenia -Loss of joint space -RA deformities (subluxation ect..) |
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Characteristics of hip dislocation
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-Internal rotation
-Shortening of leg |
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Characteristic of hip fracture
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-External rotation
-Shortening of leg |
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What does trendelenburg's test show
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Weak gluteal aBductors ( drooping on the unaffected side-i.e muscles are unable to hold the opposite side )
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If multiple lytic bony lesions on X-ray ...?
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? bony metastasis
commonly from myeloma/lymphoma, prostate, breast, lung |
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Describe the nerve supply to the thigh
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Anterior compartment - Femoral nerve (L2-4)
Posterior compartment - sciatic nerve (L4-S3) (exists from greater sciatic foramen) Medial compartment - Obturator nerve (L2-L4) ( exits from obturator foramen) |
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What structures are located in the popliteal fossa
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-Popliteal artery/vein
-Tibial nerve ( arises from sciatic nerve) - divides into the posterior tibial nerve & common peroneal nerve |
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Describe the nerve supply to the leg
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Anterior compartment - Deep peroneal nerve (& 1st web space )
Lateral compartment - Superficial peroneal nerve Posterior compartment - posterior tibial nerve |
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What injury affects the common peroneal nerve
what does it result in? |
Tight cast
Foot drop |
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What is shenton's line ?
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Helps to diagnose a neck of femur fracture
line drawn from inferior border of the superior pubic ramus --> medial border of the femur neck |
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What is Trethowan's sign?
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Helps to diagnose SUFE (slipped upper femoral epiphysis )
a straight line superior surface of the femoral neck should pass through the femoral head. If it remains superior/does not touch the femoral head/epiphysis --> trethowan's positive |
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What is characteristic of a frozen shoulder (i.e adhesive capsulitis)
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no external rotation
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What does Hawkin's test elicit ?
How do you perform Hawkin's test |
Pain- suggest shoulder impingement
-perform passive internal/external rotation of the shoulder |
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Characteristic of shoulder impingement
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-Painful arc (60-120 degrees)
-Hawkin's positive -Pain on internal rotation |
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How do you elicit an isolated movement of the subscapularis muscle?
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internal rotation
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What is os acromiale ?
What can it lead to ? |
Unfused area of acromion
Can lead to shoulder impingement |