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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
According to evolutionary psychology, reproductive value in human females is associated with: |
Youthfulness and healthse |
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Sexual reproduction has several evolutionary advantages. Which of the following is NOT an advantage? |
It limits the spread of new combinations of genetic information in the gene pool it increases genetic variability |
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According to the authors of the text, two main characteristics of motivation are: |
Activation and direction |
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The example of the Olds and Milner (1954) experiment in which electrodes were introduced into areas of a rat's brain best exemplifies which level of analysis? |
Physiological |
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Asch's (1952) studies on conformity are an example of which level of analysis? |
Social |
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Psychologists who accept the idea of the "blank state" would be likely to agree with which of the following statements? |
"Human behavior is caused by experience and learning" |
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A preference test can be a good indicator of |
Directionality |
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Theorists who emphasized instincts in the past, or who advocate ethology today are most likely to use which approach to the study of motivation? |
Innate |
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A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that requires no learning of the behavior is called: |
Instinct |
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When there is competition for mates among members of an animal species, usually the female makes the choice of a sexual partner. This is called: |
Sexual selection |
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A friend who persistently tries to find a date for the dance is displaying the _____ component of motivation. |
Activation |
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Needs are generally viewed as _____ sources of motivation, while goals emphasize _____ sources of motivation. |
Internal; external |
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In humans and some other primates, such as Bonobos, sexual behavior: |
Often occurs for reasons not directly related to reproduction |
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Going to a movie theater and selecting a romantic comedy indicates which component of motivation? |
Direction |
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Prof Psyche is studying motivation by examining how individuals make choices. This approach involves which characteristic of motivation? |
Direction |
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An important aspect of the shyness studies of Kagen and colleagues (1988) is that it shows: |
How nature and nurture interact to produce some behaviors |
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An example of a _____ stimulus is when a bird prefers an egg that is larger than its normal size egg. |
Supernormal |
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After hatching, a graylag goose follows the first moving object it sees, for example, a person. Later, at sexual maturity, the goose shows no interest in conspecifics (other graylag geese). This case would be an example of: |
Imprinting |
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If a person's boss yells at her at work, and she comes home and yells at her kids, it could be an example of: |
Redirected behavior |
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In an encounter with another person, changing one's stance by shifting one's weight and increasing one's distance from the other person is an example of: |
An intention movement |
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A list of all behaviors observed in a species is called: |
An ethogram |
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Jimmy the dog alternates between confronting and barking at an intruder and trying to hide. The alternation is an example of what type of behavior? |
Successive ambivalent behavior |
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The arched back of a car may be an expression of two motives (ex- to attack and to flee), which would be an example of which type of behavior? |
Simultaneous ambivalent behavior |
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A socialization process in which a young individual forms an attachment to its parents is called: |
Imprinting |
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According to Mattingly and others, speech and language: |
May serve as both a representation of our experiences and as a social releaser |
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According to Seligman (1970), _____ behaviors are either instinctive or very easily learned, while _____ behaviors involve the formation of associations between events and responses. |
Prepared; unprepared |
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"Hair flipping" behavior in human females, ritualized flight, and smiling then looking away can all be construed as what type of behavior? |
Flirting |
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According to the text, the main difference between taxes and fixed action patterns (FAPs) is: |
Taxes are responsive to change, but FAPs are not |
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According to William McDougall, which of the following in NOT true? |
Instincts can never be changed or modified |
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Trying to teach a dog to yawn for food is apparently impossible. Seligman would classify this behavior as: |
Contraprepared |