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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is evidence based practice? |
The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of theory derived, research based information in making decisions about patient care delivery to individuals or groups of patients and in consideration of individual needs and preferences |
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What is effectiveness? |
How much a medical intervention changes the course of a disease |
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What is efficiency? |
How well the health care system uses resources to implement an effective medical intervention |
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what are the four components of EBP? |
Research Clinical and professional expertise Patient values Within the context in which your practice occurs |
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What are the steps in evidence- based practice? |
Asks a clinical question Search for the most relevant and best evidence critically appraise the evidence Implement the evidence Evaluate and reflect |
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What is research? |
A systematic process using both inductive and deductive reasoning to confirm and refine existing knowledge and build new knowledge |
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What year did nursing training begin in the UK, Sydney, Hobart & Launceston? |
UK = 1860 Sydney = 1968 Hobart = 1875 Launceston = 1890 |
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What year did nursing based training begin in the USA? |
1909 |
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When did Australian nursing move into universities? |
1980? |
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What is research? |
Research is the structured and conscious application of scientific method to the exploration of an issue of interest in order to better understand the issue or to establish new truths |
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What is basic research? |
- 'pure' research which seeks to discover basic principles of behaviour and process to add to the existing body of knowledge |
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What is applied research? |
Puts these principles into practice to solve problems in practice |
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What is exploratory research? |
Generates ideas and theories |
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What is explanatory research? |
Looks at relationships between things (variables) to uncover causes |
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What is predictive research? |
Estimates probability of specific outcomes in situation/population |
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What is evaluating research? |
Assesses changes or programs to determine level of success |
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What paradigm is quantitative research? |
Positivist |
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What paradigm is qualitative research in? |
Constructivist |
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What are seven characteristics of quantitative research? |
Questions of measurement Controlled Reductionist Objective Subjects Uses numbers Generalisable |
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What are five factors that influence choosing a research approach? |
- purpose of the research and questions being asked - nature of the issue or problem - "best fit" for process and outcomes - the need for generalisability - knowledge and experience of the researcher |
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What is competency unit three? |
Practices within an evidence based framework |
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What are the two types of clinical questions? |
background and foreground |
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What are background questions? |
Usually broad and frequently posed by someone unfamiliar with an area Provide general knowledge rather than focused clinical knowledge Answers usually found in textbooks, drug guides and review articles e.g. What is a fracture |
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What are foreground questions? |
Focused and specific to a clinical situation Often compare two interventions Can only be answered by searching current literature for latest studies |
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What does PICO(T) and what is it best suited to? |
Quantitative questions Population Intervention/issue Comparison Outcome Time period to achieve outcome |
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What does PEO stand for and what is it best suited to? |
Qualitative Questions Population or problem Exposure Outcome |
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What does exposure refer to? |
What is happening to the population or what has happened e.g. EVENT-Domestic violence SITUATION - use of restraints in acute care setting CONDITION - lung cancer |
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What are primary sources? |
Original research articles |
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What are secondary sources? |
- systematic review - synopses of evidence - clinical practice guidelines |
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What are booleans? |
Tool that links key words together in various ways e.g. And, or, not |
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What is truncation? |
Allows for various endings? E.g. Child* = child, children, childhood |
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What are wildcards? |
Allow for additional spelling. E.g.p?ediatric = paediatric, pediatric |
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What is empirical evidence? |
Adjective meaning that it was derived from experiment and observation rather than theory. If knowledge is empirical it is based on observation rather than theory. |
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What is the uncertainty principle? |
The idea that research seeks to answer questions however there is no guarantee that it can. The starting point for all research is uncertain. |
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What is the SPICE model? |
most commonly applied to research aimed at answering questions that have a qualitative element to them. |
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What do each of the letters in the SPICE model stand for? |
S = etting P= erspective I = ntervetnion C = omparison E = valuation |
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What does data collection that is deductive mean? |
Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion drawn from a set of premises contains no more information than the premises taken collectively. E.g. all dogs are animals, this is a dog, therefore, this is an animal. The truth of the conclusion is dependent on the method. |
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What is descriptive research? |
Identifies nature and attributes of phenomena |