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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bone Classification: Long Bones |
- Longer than they are wide - Femur (thigh bone) - Humerus |
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Bone Classification: Short Bones |
- Cube shaped - Wrist bones - Ankle bones |
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Bone Classification: Sesamoid Bones |
- Shaped like a sesame seed. - Type of short bone with a tendon - Patella (kneecap) |
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Bone Classification: Flat Bones |
- Thin, flattened, curved - Skull bones - Sternum |
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Bone Classification: Irregular Bones |
- Irregular shapes that do not fit into the other categories - Vertebrae - Some skull bones - Hip bones |
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Hematopoiesis |
- Blood cell formation - Takes place in the red marrow of bones |
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Bone Cells: Osteoblasts |
- Immature bone cells that may develop into osteocytes - Responsible for the production of new bone - Produce the matrix of bone |
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Bone Cells: Osteocytes |
- Mature bone cells - Embedded in the matrix - Help repair damaged bone - Most numerous of the three types in an adult |
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Bone Cells: Osteoclasts |
- Referred to as the "demolition" cells of bone tissue--maintain the density and composition of bone by removing the calcium salts in the surrounding matrix - Release stored minerals in the bone tissue into body fluids |
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Compact Bone |
- Dense, hard tissue that is replaced approximately every 10 years - Found in the shafts of long bones and outer surfaces of other bones - The microscopic unit of compact bone is the osteon (Haversian system) |
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Compact Bone: Central Canal |
- Haversian canal - Contains blood vessels and nerve cells |
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Compact Bone: Lamellae |
- Form circular rings of matrix; osteocytes are located between these circular rings |
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Compact Bone: Lacunae |
- Osteocytes "sit" in pockets called lacunae ("little lakes") - Lacunae are found between thin sheets of calcified matrix |
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Compact Bone: Canaliculi |
- Interconnecting channels called canaliculi are responsible for the joining of lacunae with each other - Canaliculi also link the lacunae to nearby blood vessels |
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Compact Bone: Volkmann's Canals |
- Perforating Canals - Connect the blood and nerve supply to the periosteum to those in the central canals and medullary cavity |
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Spongy (Cancellous) Bone |
- Less dense--replaced every three to four years - Located at the ends of long bones/the centre of other bones - Does not contain osteons - Spaces formed by the trabeculae decrease the weight of the bone/provide the spaces where red bone marrow is found |
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Part of the Long Bone: Diaphysis |
- Long shaft of a bone - Composed mostly of compact bone |
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Part of the Long Bone: Epiphyses |
- Enlarged ends of a long bone (singular: epiphysis) - Covered by articular (hyaline) cartilage |
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Part of the Long Bone: Epiphyseal Plate (Disk) |
- Band of hyaline cartilage between the epiphysis and the diaphysis |
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Part of the Long Bone: Medullary Cavity |
- Hollow centre of the diaphysis - Filled with red bone marrow in infancy (for protection of blood cells); filled with yellow bone marrow in adulthood (for fat storage) |
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Part of the Long Bone: Endosteum |
- Connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity |
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Part of the Long Bone: Periosteum |
- Tough membrane that is made of fibrous connective tissue - Covers the outside of the bone (except at joint surfaces) - Protects the bone, serves as a point of attachment for muscles, and contains the blood vessels that nourish the underlying tissue |
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Part of the Long Bone: Articular Cartilage |
- "Joint cartilage" that is found on the outer surface of an epiphysis- Smooth, shiny surface provides movement in the joints by helping to decrease friction |
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Comminuted Fracture |
Bone is crushed into small pieces |