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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Epidermis |
The outer portion of the skin, formed by epithelial tissue that is attached to the dermis |
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Dermis |
Dense irregular connective tissue that forms the deep layer of the skin |
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Hypodermis |
Loose connective tissue underneath the dermis that connects the dermis to muscle or bone |
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Hemopoiesis |
The process of manufacturing blood cells |
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Compact Bone |
Dense bone matrix organized into microscopic tubes of bone called osteons |
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Cancellous Bone |
Networks of bone with many marrow-filled spaces surrounding the bone matrix |
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Ossification |
Bone formation |
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Articular Cartilage |
Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of a bone in a joint |
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Axial Skeleton |
The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk |
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Appendicular Skeleton |
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it |
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Suture |
An immovable joint between the flat bones of the skull |
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Process |
A projection on a bone |
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Meatus |
A passageway |
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Foramen |
A hole |
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Sinus |
A hollowed out space in a bone |
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What are the two layers of the skin? |
The dermis and the epidermis |
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Which layer of the skin contains keratinized cells? |
The epidermis |
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Which layer of the skin contains papillae? |
The dermis |
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How do dermal papillae help the epidermal cells? |
The dermal papillae increase the number of blood vessels exposed to the epidermis, giving the epidermis a healthy supply of blood and nutrients |
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Why do some cuts heal quickly with little scarring while other cuts of similar size and depth heal more slowly with more scarring? |
When a cut in the skin is parallel to the lines of cleavage, there is not a lot of stress on the wound. As a result, it does not tend to be pulled open, and it heals with little or no scarring. When a cut in the skin goes across the lines of cleavage, though, many collagen fibers are cut, increasing the stress pulling the wound open. This slows down the healing process and often results in a noticeable scar |
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How does the hair follicle or sweat gland help heal bad burns? |
The hair follicle contains epithelial tissue. If the epidermis is destroyed in a second-degree burn, the epithelial cells in the hair follicle can undergo mitosis and make more epidermis. |
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What kind of tissue is always present in the hypodermis? |
Loose connective tissue |
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What kind of tissue is often, but not always, present in the hypodermis? |
Adipose tissue |
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What is the function of sebaceous glands? |
To secrete oil called sebum, which softens and conditions skin |
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What is the function of sweat glands? |
To cool down the body by producing sweat |
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List the five layers of the epidermis, starting at the bottom and working up to the top. |
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum |
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In what layers of the epidermis are the cells still alive? |
In the stratum basale and stratum spinosum |
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What are melanocytes, and what do they do to the skin? |
Melanocytes are cells near the stratum basale that produce a class of pigments known as melanin. Melanin influences the skin's color and protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation from the sun |
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What are the three sections of the hair? |
The medulla, cortex, and cuticle |
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Which section contains cells with soft keratin? |
The medulla |
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Which sections contain cells with hard keratin? |
The cortex and the cuticle |
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What is the hair matrix? |
A mass of undifferentiated cells. |
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Identify the structures pointed out in the skin cross section below (see book for diagram): |
a. hairs b. sweat pore c. epidermis d. dermis e. hypodermis f. adipose tissue g. nerves h. sweat gland i. sweat duct j. hair follicle k. sebaceous gland l. blood vessel in a dermal papilla m. arrector pili muscle |
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Classify sweat glands as apocrine, merocrine, or holocrine. |
Merocrine |
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Classify sebaceous glands as apocrine, merocrine, or holocrine. |
Holocrine |
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Classify the following bones as long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid. a. ribs b. metatarsals c. carpals d. patella e. coxa |
a. ribs--flat bones b. metatarsals--long bones c. carpals--short bones d. patella--sesamoid bone e. coxa--irregular bone |
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Where is the bone marrow found in a long bone? |
In the cavity that runs down the center of the diaphysis (the medullary cavity) |
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What are the five functions of the skeletal system? |
Support, protection, movement, storage, and hemopoiesis |
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Label the bones or other structures in the figure below (see book for diagram): |
a. Skull b. Mandible c. Thoracic cage d. Ulna e. Radius f. Carpals g. Metacarpals h. Phalanges i. Femur j. Patella k. Tibia l. Fibula m. Tarsals n. Metatarsals o. Phalanges p. Coxa q. Sacrum r. Humerus s. Costal cartilage t. Ribs u. Sternum v. Clavicle w. Cervicle Vertebrae x. Thoracic vertebrae y. Lumber vertebrae z. Pectoral girdle aa. Scapula bb. Pelvic girdle |
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Label the bones in the figure below (see book for diagram): |
a. Frontal bone b. Ethmoid bone c. Lacrimal bone d. Zygomatic bone e. Vomer f. Maxilla g. Mandible h. Parietal bone i. Temporal bone j. Occipital bone k. Sphenoid bone l. Nasal bone |