Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The polymerase chain reaction is MOST useful for which of the following?
Preparing enzymes that synthesize nucleic acids Isolating the genome of an organism Amplifying a specific DNA sequence Separating polyclonal antibodies Synthesizing RNA from DNA |
Amplifying a specific DNA sequence
|
|
The enzyme catalyzing the rate-controlling step in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids is regulated allosterically by the positive modulator
ATP. NADPH. citrate. cyclic AMP. oxaloacetate. |
Citrate
|
|
Which of the following is required for vitamin D3 synthesis?
Decarboxylation in the liver UV activation of precursors in skin Metabolism by gut bacteria Deamination in the kidney |
UV activation of precursors in skin
|
|
Which of the following represents the normal substrate of thrombin?
Fibrin Thrombospondin Prothrombin Thromboplastin Fibrinogen |
Fibrinogen
|
|
The anticaries effect of fluoride is LEAST related to which of the following?
Ion exchange Decreased solubility Facilitation of remineralization Its presence during enamel formation Activation of plaque polysaccharide hydrolysis |
Activation of plaque polysaccharide hydrolysis
|
|
Which of the following types of bonds link amino acid residues to form proteins?
Amide Anomeric Epimeric Hydrogen Glycosidic |
Amide
|
|
A mucin is which of the following types of proteins?
Simple protein Phosphoprotein Chromoprotein Nucleoprotein Glycoprotein |
Glycoprotein
|
|
The tricarboxylic acid cycle is initiated by the condensation of which of the following two molecules?
Pyruvate and malate NAD+ and oxaloacetate NAD+ and oxalosuccinate Acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate Acetyl coenzyme Aand oxalosuccinate |
Acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate
|
|
Both systemic and pulmonary circulations have the same
pulse pressure. total capacitance. diastolic pressure. resistance. flow rate. |
Flow Rate
|
|
Under strict anaerobic conditions, the catabolism of one glucose molecule would yield a net of
2 ATP and 2 lactic acid molecules. 4 ATP and 2 lactic acid molecules. 2 ATP and 2 pyruvic acid molecules. 4 ATP and 2 pyruvic acid molecules. |
2 ATP and 2 Lactic Acid Molecules
|
|
The ability to concentrate urine varies among animal species. The maximum urine concentration that can be produced by an animal is MOST closely related to which of the following?
Renal blood flow Total number of nephrons Glomerular filtration rate Length of the loop of Henle Diameter of the distal tubule |
Length of the loop of Henle
|
|
Each of the following appears in the glomerular filtrate in concentrations approximately equal to those in plasma EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
Urea Glucose Amino acids Steroid hormones Plasma electrolytes |
Steroid Hormones
|
|
The clinical symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia suggest a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?
Retinol Riboflavin Tocopherol Ascorbic acid Niacin |
Niacin
|
|
Increased parasympathetic activity results in
decreased salivary secretion. increased cardiac contractility. decreased gastric motility and tone. increased bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction. |
increased bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction.
|
|
A patient who has emphysema is MOST likely to exhibit which of the following changes in functional residual capacity (FRC) and compliance?
Increased FRC; increased compliance Decreased FRC; no change in compliance Increased FRC; no change in compliance Decreased FRC; increased compliance Decreased FRC; decreased compliance |
Increased FRC; increased compliance
|
|
Which of the following could be beneficial in reducing edema in the arms of women who have had radical mastectomy with removal of axial lymph nodes?
Hypertensive agents Avoidance of all diuretic agents Increase interstitial oncotic pressure Decrease interstitial hydrostatic pressure Administration of a plasma volume expander |
Administration of a plasma volume expander
|
|
Which of the following noncollagenous protein components BEST characterizes dentin matrix?
Laminin Vimentin Phosphophoryn Osteonectin Fibronectin |
Phosphophoryn
|
|
Coenzyme A participates in
formylation. protein synthesis. methionine activation. activation of carboxyl groups |
Activation of Carboxyl groups
|
|
Which of the following do elastin and collagen have in common?
Easily stretched Absence of proline Disulfide crosslinking Triple helix structure About one-third glycine |
They are about 1/3 Glycine
|
|
The plasma osmolality decreases after infusion of
aldosterone. vasopressin (ADH). angiotensin II. parathyroid hormone. isotonic saline solution. |
vasopressin (ADH)
|
|
Which of the following is necessary for de novo synthesis of cholesterol?
NA+ NADH NADP+ NADPH FADH2 |
NADPH
|
|
Which of the following changes in lung compliance and vital capacity would be observed in the absence of pulmonary surfactant?
increase lung compliance; increase vital capacity increase lung compliance; decrease vital capacity increase lung compliance; no change vital capacity decrease lung compliance; increase vital capacity decrease lung compliance; decrease vital capacity |
decrease lung compliance; decrease vital capacity
|
|
Which of the following represents a decrease in the frequency of action potentials in an afferent neuron despite a constant stimulus intensity?
Refraction Potentiation Perception Adaptation Accommodation |
Adaptation
|
|
Which of the following is a typical finding for a normal 23-year-old man?
Hematocrit of 45% Venous blood with pH of 7.2 White blood cell count of 10,000/mm3 Red blood cell count of 7,000,000/mm3 Pulse pressure equivalent to 80 mm Hg |
Hematocrit 45%
|
|
Plasmid vectors suitable for cloning have which of the following characteristics?
Must be able to replicate synchronously with the host chromosome Several unique recognition sequences for one restriction enzyme Two genes conferring resistance to different antibiotics Large size to facilitate plasmid's entry into cells |
Two genes conferring resistance to different antibiotics
|
|
In relative insulin insufficiency, acetyl CoA is usually channeled into
ketone-body formation. cholesterol synthesis. fatty-acid synthesis. gluconeogenesis. the Krebs cycle. |
Ketone body formation
|
|
After prolonged acidosis, which of the following represents the nitrogenous product that is excreted in high amounts in the urine?
Urea Ammonia Uric acid Creatinine Aspartic acid |
Ammonia
|
|
Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis by affecting which of the following?
Amylase Enolase Phosphatase Phosphorylase |
Enolase
|
|
Hyperventilation alters the acid-base balance of arterial blood by
increasing C02 and increasing pH. increasing C02 and decreasing pH. decreasing CO2 and decreasing pH. decreasing CO2 and increasing pH. |
decreasing CO2 and increasing pH.
|
|
Which of the following collagen synthesis post-translational events occurs extracellularly?
Glycosylation Hydroxylation Intermolecular cross-linkage Disulfide bond formation |
Intermolecular cross-linkage
|
|
If the pH becomes lower than the isoelectric point of a protein, then how will the protein respond in an electrophoretic system? It will
become denatured. migrate to the negative pole. migrate to the positive pole. remain stationary and unchanged. separate into its different monomeric forms. |
Migrate to the negative pole
|
|
Triglyceride absorbed into the lymphatic system is transported to the liver as which of the following?
Very low density lipoprotein Low density lipoprotein Chylomicrons Liposomes Micelles |
Chylomicrons
|
|
Epinephrine causes an elevation in cAMP levels in muscle cells which in turn activate
ATPase. adenyl cyclase. glycogen synthetase. glycogen phosphorylase. glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase. |
Glycogen phosphorylase
|
|
Acromegaly is due to an excessive production of which of the following?
Thyrotropin Gonadotropin Somatotropin Adrenocorticotropin |
Somatotropin
|
|
Intravenous injections of KCl solution would increase the secretion of which of the following?
Insulin Cortisol Calcitonin Aldosterone Parathyroid hormone |
Aldosterone
|
|
Pieces of dog parotid gland and pancreas are transplanted under the skin of the donor animal. After re-establishment of circulation, ingestion of food will result in secretion from which of the following?
Parotid and pancreatic transplants The fragment of the pancreas only The fragment of the parotid only Neither fragment |
The fragment of the pancreas only
|
|
Which of the following conditions is indicated during isovolumetric ventricular contraction of the heart?
All valves are open. All valves are closed. The aortic and pulmonary valves are open and the mitral and tricuspid valves are closed. The aortic and pulmonary valves are closed and the mitral and tricuspid valves are open |
All valves are closed
|
|
Which of the following controls the excitability of the muscle spindle?
Load on the muscle Gamma efferent system Alpha efferent discharge Length of the extrafusal fibers |
Gamma efferent system
|
|
Which term of the Michaelis-Menten equation, can be determined from the y intercept of a Lineweaver-Burk plot?
v Vmax Km [S] |
Vmax
|
|
How many anomeric carbons are present in a fructose molecule?
0 1 2 5 6 |
1
|