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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the basic shapes of bacteria?
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Cocci/bacilli(rods)/sprochetes
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What are the two main Gram+ cocci bacteria?
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Streptococcus/Staphylococcus
Staph is catalase positive, Strep is cat. negative. |
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What other bacteria are cat. positive?
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Pseudomonas(obligate aerobe)/
Listeria/Enterobacteriacae(facultative anerobes. |
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Name a clinically important Staph species.
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Staph. epidermidis(coag. negative)(novobiocin sensitive)
Staph. saprophyticus(coag. negative)(novobiocin resistant) |
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How is sheep blood agar used to differentiate Streptococcus?
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Hemolysis can be alpha, beta and gamma.
In gamma, there is no hemolysis. Alpha, there is partial hemolysis(green color). Beta- Complete hemolysis with central clearing due to hemolysin enzymes. |
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Give examples of bacteria that demonstrate such hemolysis or not.
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Beta-Strep. pyogenes/Strep. agalactiae/S. aureus/Listeria monocytogenes.
Gamma-some Enterococci |
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What are Lancefield group antigens?
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They are carbohydrates present in the cell walls of Strep species and serve as means of classification.
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Name some bacteria associated with, Groups A,B,and D.
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Gr.A-S.pyogenes
Gr. B-S. agalactiae Gr. D- Strep. bovis Enterococcus fecalis |
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Enterococci can grow in hypertonic saline and S. bovis cannot. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What test can differentiate S. pyogenes and S. galactiae?
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Bacitracin sensitivity.
S. pyogenes is Bacitracin sensitive and S. galactiae is Bacitracin resistant. |
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Name some clinically relevant G+ bacilli.
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Corynebacterium, Listeria,Bacillus and Clostridium.
Bacillus and Clostridium form spores. Bacillus is an obligate aerobe. Clostridium is an anerobe. |
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Is there a G+ bacillus that has metachromatic granules?
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Yes. Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The granules are phosphate inclusions.
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Nocardia and Actinomyces are two filamentous fungi-like G+ bacteria. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What are the clinically relevant Gram - cocci bacteria?
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Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhea and Moraxella catarrhalis.
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List 2 important distinctions between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea.
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N. menin. has a capsule and therefore a vaccine. It reduces maltose.
N. gonorr. has no capsule. |
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List some clinically relevant Gram- bacilli bacteria.
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Escherichia, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella.
Respiratory-Boredetella, Legionella, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas. Zoonotics-Franciscella, Brucella, Yersinia and Pasteurella. |
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Devise a mneumonic term to remember Enteric G_ bacilli bacteria.
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Enterics are Very Hellish Company in the Stomach and Stool. (E. coli/ Vibrio/Helicobacter/Campylobacteria/Salmonella/Shigella.
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List a similar mneumonic term for respiratory G_ bacilli.
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Keep Breathing a Little Harder Please.
Klebsiella/Bordetella/Legionella/Haemophilus/Pseudomonas |
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List a similar mneumonic term for zoonotic G_ bacilli.
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Find Bacteria on Your Pets.
Franciscella/Brucella/Yersinia/Pseudomonas. |
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List 8 G_ bacilli that belong to Enterobacteriacae.
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Enterobacteriaceeae are PESSKY Strains of bacteria.
Enterobacter/Proteus/Escherichia/Shigella/Salmonella/Klebsiella/Yersinia/Serratia. |
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What are the three antigens used for serotyping Enterobacteriaaceae?
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O antigen(endotoxin cell wall component)
H antigen(flagella antigen) K antigen(capsule antigen, virulence of Salmonella). |
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List some typical features that define Enterobacteriaaceae.
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Gram Neg/glucose fermenting/lack cytochrome c in electron transport chain/facultative anerobes/catalase positive/can reduce nitrate to nitite.
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Describe Pseudomonal characteristics.
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Gram neg./nonglucose fermenting/have cytochrome c/obligate aerobe/cat. positive/ nitrite negative.
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Which bacteria are urease positive?
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H. pylori/Proteus/Ureaplasma/Nocardia and some strains of Pseudomonas and Klebsiella.
Urease degrades urea into ammonia and CO2. |
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List three common spirochetes.
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Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira.
Spirochetes are mobile. |
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What type of microscopy is employed to visualize spirochetes.
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Drkfield, because they do not stain well. Silver or fluorescent can be used.
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