Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hydrogen Sulfide Test is Used to Indicate/ Positive result:
|
Tests for the production of hydrogen Sulfide and motility.
Positive result is indicated by the media turning black. H2S has been produced. |
|
Indicator in the Hydrogen Sulfide Test
|
Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate
|
|
Hydrogen Sulfide Test Media Contains:
|
SIM Tube:
Sulfur substrates: Peptone & Sodium Thiosulfate |
|
Enteric Lactose Fermenting Microorganisms
|
1. Escherichia coli
2. Enterobacter aerogenes 3. Klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
Enteric Non-Lactose Fermenting Microorganisms
|
1. Salmonella typhimurium
2. Shigella dysenteriae 3. Proteus vulgaris 4. Pseudomonas faecalis 5. Alcaligenes faecalis |
|
Nonenteric Microorganisms
|
1. Corynebacterium xerosis
2. Micrococcus luteus 3. Lactococcus lactis 4. Staphylococcus aureus 5. Bacillus cereus |
|
Extracellular Enigmatic Activity Test is Used to:
|
Determine the ability of microorganisms to excrete hydrolytic extracellular enzymes capable of degrading starch, tributryin, casein and gelatin. Macro molecules must be hydrolyzed.
|
|
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity Test Results:
|
Plate: Positive results were determined by a clearing of the opacity of the media surrounding growth. No change determined a negative result.
Tube: If media was liquid after refrigeration at 4C degrees it indicaed fast gelatin hydrolysis. If it was liquid after 5 more days of growth it was slow gelatin hydrolysis. |
|
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity Test Media Used:
|
1. Starch Agar Plate
2. Spirit Blue Agar Plate 3. Milk Agar Plate 4. Gelatin Tube |
|
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity Test
Starch: |
Enzymes: amylase & maltase
Bonds are glycosidic. End result is glucose. Media: starch agar plate. |
|
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity Test
Lipids: |
Enzymes: lipase
Bonds are ester bonds. End result glycerol and fatty acids. Media: spirit blue agar plate. |
|
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity Test
Casein: |
Enzymes: proteases. Process called proteolysis.
Bonds are peptide bonds. End result is amino acids. Media: milk agar plate. |
|
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity Test
Gelatin: |
Enzymes: gelatinase.
End result amino acids. Media: gelatin deep tube. |
|
Carbohydrate Fermentation Test is Used to:
|
Test for the ability of a microorganism to ferment cerbohydrates.
|
|
Durham Tube:
|
Used to detect gas, C02, formed by acid production.
|
|
Carbohydrate Fermentation Test Results:
|
Tubes contain phenol red. They will be light red at a pH of 7. Acid production druing fermentation will turn the media yellow, even a small amount, 6.8. A bubble in the Durham Tube indicates gas production during fermentation.
|
|
The so-called fermenters of carbohydrates:
|
Facultative Anerobes
|
|
One mole of glucose is converted into:
|
Two moles of pyruvic acid.
|
|
Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic |
Biooxidations in which molecular oxygen can serve as the final electron acceptor.
|
|
Cellular Respiration:
Anaerobic |
Biooxidations in which inorganic ions other than oxygen, such as a nitrate ion or sulfate ion, can can serve as the final electron acceptors.
|
|
Fermentation
|
A biooxidative process not requiring oxygen in which an organic substrate serves as the final electron acceptor.
|
|
IMViC Test Stands For:
|
Indole
Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer Citrate Utilization |
|
IMViC Test is Used to:
|
Differentiate between the principal groups of Enterobacteriaceae.
1. Enteric Lactose Fermenters 2. Enteric Lactose Nonfermenters 3. Nonenteric |
|
Enterobacteriaceae:
|
Groups of bacteria that can be found in the in testinal tract of humans and lower mammals. They are short, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, bacilli.
They can be: 1. Pathogens 2. Occasional Pathogens 3. Normal Intestinal Flora |
|
Indole Production Test is Used to:
|
Determine the ability of microorganisims to degrade the amino acid tryptophan.
Enzyme: Tryptophanase |
|
Indole Production Test:
Test Results |
Cultures producing a red reagent layer following addition of Kovac's reagent are indole positive, indicating the hydrollyzation of tryptophan.
|
|
Methyl Red Test is Used to Indicate:
|
Acid production and stabilization following oxidation of glucose.
pH Shift |
|
Fermentation=
|
Acid
|
|
Methyl Red Tests for/ Results:
|
pH Indicator
fermentation acid Turns red (oxydize glucose) in acid - pH 4 Turns yellow in weak acid - pH 6 |
|
Voges-Proskauer Test is Used to Indicate:
|
Determines the ability of some organisims to nonacidic or neutral end products from the organic acids that result from glucose metabolism.
*Characteristic of E. aerogenes* |
|
Reagent for Voges-Proskauer Test
|
Barritt's Reagents A&B
|
|
Voges-Proskauer Test Results:
|
Developement of a deep rose color in the culture 15 minutes following the addition of Barritt's reagent is indicative of the presence of acetylmethylcarbinol and represents a positive result.
|
|
Citrate Utilization Test is Used to Indicate:
|
Differentiate among enteric organisims on the basis of their ability to ferment citrate as a sole source of carbon. This ability depends on the presence of citrate permease which allows citrate into the cell.
|
|
Citrate Utilization Test Results:
|
The presence of sodium carbonate changes the bromthymol blue indicator incorporated into the media from green to deep Prussian blue.
|
|
Enzyme in the Citrate Utilization Test:
|
Citrase
|
|
Media for the Citrate Utilization Test:
|
Simmons Citrate Agar Slant Tube
|
|
Urease Test:
Media |
Urea Broth Tube
|
|
Urease Test:
Test Results |
Media that turns pink/deep pink indicates the production of the enzyme urease.
Urease hydrolyzes urea to form the alkaline end product ammonia. |
|
2NH3=
|
Ammonia
|
|
Urea is an:
|
Amino Acid
|
|
Nitrate Reduction Test:
Media |
Nitrate broth tube.
|
|
NO3=
|
Nitrate
|
|
NO2=
|
Nitrite
|
|
N2 or NH3=
|
Molecular Nitrogen
|
|
Nitrate Reduction Test:
Reagents |
A&B test for NO2/Nitrite.
C= Zinc. Zinc degrades NO3 Nitrate producing NO2 Nitrite. |
|
Nitrate Reduction Test:
Test Results NO3 ----- NO3 |
Negative result: Nitrate is not reduced. No reaction with Reagents A&B. Will turn red with the addition of zinc.
|
|
Nitrate Reduction Test
Test Results NO3 ----- NO2 |
Positive result: media will turn red after the addition of Reagents A&B.
|
|
Nitrate Reduction Test
Test Results NO3 ----- N2 or NH3 |
Negative result: no color change with any reagents. NO2 was not produced.
|
|
Oxidase Test
Media |
Small Purple Discs
|
|
Oxidase Test is Used to Indicate:
|
If a microorganism is capable of aerobic respiration.
|
|
H2O2=
|
Hydrogen Peroxide
|
|
The only two organisms that will test positive with the Oxidase test:
|
Alcaligenes faecalis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
Oxidase Test:
Enzyme |
Cytochrome Oxidase
|
|
Oxidase Test:
Test Results |
Purple/Black is positive. Indicating Cytochrome Oxidase was produced.
|
|
Indole Reagent
|
Kovac's
|
|
Methyl Red Indicator
|
Methyl Red
|
|
pH Indicator in Carbohydrate Fermentation
|
Phenol Red
|
|
Indicator for starch hydrolysis
|
Iodine
|
|
Lipid substrate in Spirit Blue media
|
tributyrin
|
|
Indicator/Substrate for casin hydrolysis
|
casein
|
|
What does catalase do
|
degrade hydrogen peroxide, releasing oxygen
|
|
Positive indicator in catalase test
|
bubbles
|
|
Gas released in catalase test
|
O2 - oxygen
|
|
what is the reagent in the catalsae test
|
3% hydrogen peroxide
|
|
What is urease
|
Enzyme
|
|
What is the pH indicator in the urease test
|
phenol red
|
|
What is the enzyme in the nitrate reduction test
|
nitrate reductase
|
|
decarboxylation
|
removal of a carboxal from an amino acid
|
|
amino acid utilization positive test part A
|
LD+ purple / LD- yellow
|
|
amino acid utilization positive test result means
|
l-lysine has been decarboxylated
|
|
amino acid utilization part A reagent
|
bromcresol purple
|
|
amino acid utilization part B reagent
|
10-12% ferric chloride solution
|
|
amino acid utilization part B media
|
phenylalanine slant tube
|
|
amino acid utilization part B positive test result/color
|
changes to green
phenylalanine deaminase was present |
|
What does the taxonomic classification of protozoa depend on
|
locomotion/ motility
|
|
what are the taxonomic classifications of protozoa
|
1. sarcodina
2. mastigophora 3. ciliophora 4. sporoza (apocomplexa) |
|
What causes maleria
|
plasmodium (sporozoa)
|
|
pellicle
|
cell membrane support
|
|
pseudopods
|
(false feet) locomotion
|
|
oral groove
|
eating
|
|
micronucleus
|
conjugation
|
|
eye spot
|
sense light
|
|
mycelium
|
intertwining branching mat of fungi
|
|
hyphae
|
the filiments that make up the mycelial mat
|
|
arial hyphae
|
mycelium that raises up from the mat
|
|
how do yeasts reproduce asexually
|
fission
|
|
how do yeasts reproduce sexually
|
conjugation
|
|
bakers yeast
|
saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
|
diomorphism
|
y-m shift
yeast to mold |
|
vegetative hyphae
|
spores
|
|
sporagiophore
|
sporagiospores
|
|
conidiophore
|
conidia
|
|
oidiophore
|
oidia
|
|
spores forming in hyphae
|
chlamydospore
|
|
ascus
|
ascospores
|
|
basidium
|
basidiospores
|