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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sterilization
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Sterilization: the destruction of all microbial life
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disinfection
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Disinfection: destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on inanimate surfaces
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antisepsis
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Antisepsis: destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on a living surface (think tissues)
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decontamination
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Decontamination: the mechanical removal of most microbes from an animate or inanimate surface
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sterilization is mostly performed with _____
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heat
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disinfection does not destroY ______ _____
but it does destroy _____ and removes _______ |
bacterial endospores
vegetative pathogens toxins |
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what can you use for reliable disinfection
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5% bleach solution
The use of a physical process or chemical agent (disinfectant) to destroy vegetative pathogens |
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sepsis
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Sepsis: the growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues
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asepsis
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Asepsis: any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues
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antisepsis is the use of _______ applied directly to _______ ________ _______
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antiseptics
exposed body surfaces |
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chemical that destroys bacteria (not endospores)
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bactericide
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a chemical that can kill fungal spores, hyphae, and yeasts
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fungicide
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a chemical that inactivates viruses
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virucide
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can destroy bacterial endospores
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sporicide
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chemical agents that kill microorganisms
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Germicide and microbicide
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prevent the growth of bacteria
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bacteristatic
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inhibit fungal growth
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fungistatic
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materials used to control microorganisms in the body, for example
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microbistatic
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when is decontamination used?
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Used when actual sterilization isn’t needed but need to decrease the risk of infection or spoilage (ex. food industry)
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any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms to reduce contamination to safe levels
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sanitization
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may not be free from microbes but are safe for normal use
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sanitary
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reduces the numbers of microbes on the human skin (ex. alcohol wipes)
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degermation
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compound such as soap or detergent that sanitizes
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sanitizer
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Practical Concerns in Microbial Control
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Does the application require sterilization, or is disinfection adequate?
Is the item to be reused or permanently discarded? If it will be reused, can it withstand heat, pressure, radiation, or chemicals? Is the control method suitable for a given application? Will the agent penetrate to the necessary extent? Is the method cost- and labor-efficient, and is it safe? |
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**
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**
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Factors that Influence the Action of Antimicrobial Agents
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The number of microorganisms
The nature of the microorganisms in the population The temperature and pH of the environment The concentration of the agent The mode of action of the agent The presence of solvents, interfering organic matter, and inhibitors |
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**
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**
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against what parts of the microbes do antimicrobial agents work?
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the cell wall
the cell membrane protein synthesis |
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how do antimicrobial agents affect the cell wall when that is its target?
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Block its synthesis
Digest it Break down its surface The cell becomes fragile and is lysed easily |
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how do antimicrobial agents affect the cell membrane when that is its target?
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Surfactants
Membrane synthesis inhibitors (Triclosan) |
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how do surfactants work?
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the surfactant molecules break apart the membrane lipids
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how do antimicrobials affect protein and nucleic acid synthesis
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Binding to ribosomes to stop translation
Bind irreversibly to DNA preventing transcription and translation Mutagenic agents |