Microbiology: Antibiotics: Block Ii

Front 1

This class of antibiotics is in the Penam group and inhibits transpeptidation:

Back 1

Penicillin

Front 2

What are the three things that penicillin needs to function in the bacterial cell?

Back 2

1. Transpeptidases
2. Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
3. Autolytic Enzyme

Front 3

What are the two major transpeptidases of bacteria?

Back 3

PBPs 1a and 1b

Front 4

Which bacteria have developed penicillin resistance through production of B-lactamase?

Back 4

Staphlococcus sp

Front 5

Which three bacteria have gained penicillin resistance through alteration of their PBPs?

Back 5

1. Strep pnumoniae
2. Neisseria gonorrhea
3. MRSA

Front 6

These members of the 1st group of penicillins are good against Gram + cocci like S. pyogenes and A. haemolyticum:

Back 6

Penicillin G and V

Front 7

These are the members of the 2nd group of penicillins which are useful against producers of B-lactamase and gram + cocci (Streptococci).

Back 7

Oxacillins (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin), Methicillin, Nafcillin and Temocillin - Ordinary Men Never Take 2nd

Front 8

Name two important B-lactamsase scavengers:

Back 8

1. Clavulinic Acid
2. Sulbactams

Front 9

These two members of the 3rd group of penicillins are good for gram - but are not B-lactamase resistant and may need a scavenger:

Back 9

1. Ampicillin
2. Amoxicillin

Front 10

These two antibiotics bind to Dala Dala, are good for gram + infections and are resistant to Beta lactamase:

Back 10

Vancomycin and Teicoplanin

Front 11

This Beta Lactam is good against only gram - bacteria and is used for enterobacteria. It cannot bind the PBPs of Gram +

Back 11

Monobactam (Aztreonam:synthetic derivative)

Front 12

This Beta Lactam is good against gram - and + and has great spectum of coverage. Is useful against most medically relevant infectious organisms and is resistant to Beta Lactamase

Back 12

Thienamycins (imipenem)

Front 13

These antibiotics bind the terminal D-ala D-ala of cell wall peptidoglycan and won't allow cross bridges

Back 13

Vancomycin and Teicoplanin

Front 14

This antibiotic inhibits the assembly of the 70s ribosome and is the first antibiotic in a completely new class in 35yrs. Important against S. aureus

Back 14

Oxazolidinone (Zyvox)

Front 15

This group of antibiotics has many important members, binds to the 30s ribosome, is best against gram - bacteria and forms streptomycin monosomes:

Back 15

Aminoglycosides (GNAT)
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, and Netilmicin

Front 16

This group of antibiotic acts against the 30s ribosome, is bacteriostatic (binds S4 and S18) and interferes with aminoacyl tRNA entering the acceptor site

Back 16

Tetracyclines (Doxycycline and Minocycline)

Front 17

How is resistance to tetracyclines achieved by bacteria?

Back 17

Through efflux mechanism

Front 18

This family of antibiotics are highly used, broad spectrum, useful against gram - and +, and affect the 30s ribosome:

Back 18

Tetracyclines (Doxy and Mino)

Front 19

Antibiotics that have this mechanism bind L15 and 16 subunits, inhibit transpeptidation, are best against gram + and are mosly bacteriostatic

Back 19

Antibiotics against 50s ribosome

Front 20

What are the antibiotics that mainly act against the 50s ribosome?

Back 20

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, and Chloramphenicol
It only takes 50 SECCC

Front 21

What is the antibiotic for which aplastic anemia is a risk?

Back 21

Chloramphenicol

Front 22

For which group is resistance gained by alteration of the ribosome or acetylation of the antibiotic?

Back 22

50s ribosomes - Chloramphenicol is one that gets acetylated

Front 23

This antibiotic is specific for the RNA polymerase of bacterial cells, binding to the beta subunit of this enzyme and blocking mRNA initiation:

Back 23

Rifampin

Front 24

How is resistance to rifampin gained?

Back 24

Through mutation of the Beta subunit of RNA polymerase

Front 25

This antibiotic is especially useful against TB, leprosy, Legionella, Haemophilus, and most other gram + species

Back 25

Rifampin

Front 26

This antibiotic is useful for treatment of infections with anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa (amebiasis and giardiasis). It is synthetic and broken down into free radicals.

Back 26

Metronidazole

Front 27

This group of antibiotics block DNA replication by inhibiting a subunit of DNA gyrase in bacteria.

Back 27

Quinolones

Front 28

Inhibits gyrase/helicase and is used to treat gram - uncomplicated urinary tract infections

Back 28

Nalidixic Acid

Front 29

These antibiotics inhibit DNA gyrase/helicase, have gram - and gram + activity and are useful against pseudomonas. Generally they are ideal drugs for UTIs

Back 29

Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin

Front 30

This antibiotic affects the bacterial cell membrane, targeting the gram -, resulting in leakage and is useful against pseudomonas

Back 30

Polymyxin E

Front 31

This is a macrolide antibiotic with a specificity towards fungi. It is used in situations of deep mycoses and is extremely toxic. Acts by binding ergosterol and creating pores.

Back 31

Amphoterocin B

Front 32

This is a topical antibiotic that acts against fungi by binding ergosterol, is toxic.

Back 32

Nystatin

Front 33

These broad spectrum antifungals inhibit ergosterol synthesis and cause lethal leakage of the cell. They are members of the azole family and have some toxicity.

Back 33

Imidazoles (Miconazole and Ketoconazole)

Front 34

This antifungal functions similarly to azoles but has lipophilic activity against a broad spectrum of yeasts and fungi

Back 34

Triazole (itraconazole)

Front 35

Name the antibiotics that affect intermediary metabolism:

Back 35

Aminosalicylic Acid
Sulphonomides
Isoniazid
Sulfones
Trimethoprim
ASIST in killing bacteria.

Front 36

These antibiotics afftect intermediary metabolism by inhibiting folate synthesis through competitive inhibition of PABA

Back 36

Aminosalicylic acid
Sulphonomides
Sulfones
Kick PABA's ASS

Front 37

This antibiotic interferes with intermediate metabolism of bacteria by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase

Back 37

Trimethoprim - Has UTI synergy with Sulphonoides

Front 38

This competetive inhibitor of PABA is used against TB

Back 38

Aminosalicylic Acid

Front 39

This competetive inhibitor of PABA is used against leprosy

Back 39

Sulfone

Front 40

This competetive inhibitor of PABA is used against Gram - and + UTIs

Back 40

Sulphomomides - has synergy with Trimethoprim

Front 41

This antibiotic inhibits mycolic acid, is used for TB because it inhibits wall formation in the Acid fast bacteria

Back 41

Isoniazid