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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT IS THE APPEARANCE OF GRAM NEGATIVE RODS ON MICROSCOPY? |
pink rod shaped |
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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGIES? |
- regular vs irregular (coryneform or diphtheroid) rod-shaped - Enterobacteriaceae typically curved, comma-shaped rods - e.g. genus Vibrio helical rods - Campylobacter, Helicobacter or filamentous and branching |
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WHAT ARE THE BROAD GROUPINGS INTO WHICH GRAM NEGATIVE RODS ARE PLACED? |
- endospore-forming, aerobic (Bacillus), anaerobic (Clostridium)
- regular, aerobic (Lactobacillus, Listeria), anaerobic (Lactobacillus) - irregular, aerobic (Corynebacterium), anaerobic (Propionibacterium) - branching, filamentous, aerobic (Nocardia), anaerobic (Actinomyces) |
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WHAT IS THE OXIDASE TEST? |
test detects presence of CYTOCHROME OXIDASE, enzyme in electron transport chain of some bacteria but not others in test colourless compounds turns blue - POSITIVE |
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WHAT IS THE RELEVANCE OF THE OXIDASE TEST IN DISTINGUISHING COMMON PATHOGENIC MEMBERS OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA? |
Enterobacteriaceae: - ferment glucose - negative in oxidase test - nitrate positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa is POSITIVE in the oxidase test |
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WHAT ARE THE GENUS NAMES OF THE IMPORTANT MEMBERS OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE? |
- Escherichia - Shigella - Salmonella - Klebsiella - Proteus - Enterobacter - Serratia - Yersinia |
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WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN DISEASE? |
causes URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS causes ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS causes DIARRHOEAL ILLNESS (e.g. enterotoxigenic e coli, ETEC) (typhoid fever - caused by Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi) |
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ARE THERE DIFFERENT STRAINS WITHIN A SPECIES? |
Yes. There are different strains within a species. Some express different virulence factors. Using Escherichia coli as an example, there are uropathogenic and diarrhoeagenic strains. |
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WHAT ARE CLINICALLY RELEVANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED AND HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS WITH GNBS? |
those picked up in the hospital are likely to be resistant to some antibiotics! |
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WHAT MEMBERS OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE CAUSE ENTERIC ILLNESS? |
E coli Salmonella (non-typhoidal) Yersinia enterolitica (infects lymph nodes in mesentery) Shigella (inflammatory diarrhoea, get blood and pus in stool) |
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WHAT ARE THE NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE RODS? |
- Pseudomonas (aeruginosa has green pus!) - Stenotrophomonas (maltophila, lower resp inf) - Burkholderia (pseudomallei, causes meliodosis, severe pneumonia) - Acinetobacter (pneumonia) |
