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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which elements have an inorganic reservoir that exists primarily in sedimentary deposits?
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Nitrogen and phosphorous
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I – Nitrogen fixing organisms
II – Symbiotic Bacteria a. All members of I are members of II, but not all members of II are members of I. b. All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II. c. All members of I are members of II and all members of II are members of I. d. No member of I is also a member of II e. Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not. |
Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not.
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I – Parasitic Organisms
II – Bacteria a. All members of II are also members of I, but not all members of I are members of II. b. Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not. c. All members of I are members of II and all members of II are members of I. d. All members of I are members of II, but not all members of II are members of I. e. No member of I is also a member of II. |
Some members of I are members of II and some are not and some members of II are members of I and some are not.
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While nitrification converts ammonia to nitrate the process of _______ converts nitrate to nitrogen gas.
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Denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction
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The anammox reaction is characteristic of
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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation
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Select the correct definition of an ecosystem:
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Communities of organisms and their physical and chemical environments that function as self-regulating units.
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Which is NOT true for exotoxins?
a. Highly toxic and fatal in nanogram quanities b. Highly antigenic c. Toxoids are used to immunize d. Found mostly in gram negative bacteria |
Found mostly in gram negative bacteria
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Sulfonamides are:
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Broad spectrum antibiotics
Antimetabolites Bacteriostatic |
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Which of the following does not inhibit protein synthesis?
a. Polymyxins b. Tetracycline c. Ertythromycin d. Chloranphenicol |
Polymyxins
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Why are viral infections especially difficult to treat?
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Because they rely upon their host cells for the majority of their metabolic functions
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All of the following are examples of mutualistic relationships except:
a. Protozoan-termite b. Algal-fungal interactions in lichens c. Zooxanthellae and corals in coral reefs d. Legionella in the lungs of the host |
Legionella in the lungs of the host
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Which of the following are important characteristics of a microorganism suitable to be used to determine water contamination?
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Do not reproduce in waters – the detection methods to determine its presence are easy to perform – present in all kinds of waters.
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An opportunistic pathogen is:
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A microorganism that is free living or part of the host’s normal microbiota but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances.
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Identify the three potential results of a Biodegration process:
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minor change – fragmentation – mineralization
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The designation “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS) is given to:
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microorganisms and some preservatives used in food.
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Bacteria can become resistant to drugs by:
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- by increasing the expression/activity of efflux pumps
- chemically modifying the antimicrobial - altering the structure of the target - using an alternative pathway to bypass the inhibitor step |
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All of the following are examples of NEGATIVE symbiosis except:
a. commensalism b. parasitism c. amensalism d. competition e. predation |
commensalism
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The methodology of microbial ecology includes
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- enrichment and isolation
- specific and nonspecific cell-staining - gene isolation and characterization |
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The “ideal” antimicrobial drug
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has high theraputic index
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Probiotics are defined as:
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- Microbial dietary adjuvants
- Microbes added to the diet in order to provide health benefits - Microbes that can be used to restore the microbiota after diarrhea |
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In controlling food spoilage, the technique of choice is refrigeration at 5° Celsius.
a. True b. False |
true
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In food fermentation, the main microbial products is/are:
a. Lactic Acid b. Propionic acid c. Ethanol d. A, B and C are correct e. None is correct. |
A, B and C are correct
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The majority of the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere is derived from processes carried out by what group of microorganisms?
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photosynthetic organisms
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Ecologically fungi are important because
I- they act as decomposers and aid in nutrient cycling. II- are a major cause of plant diseases. A. I only is true B. II only is true Incorrect C. Both I and II are true D. Neither I nor II are true |
I only is true
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______ is the process in which organic matter is decomposed to release simpler, inorganic compounds
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mineralization
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An obligatory association between two different species that is beneficial to both populations of organisms is
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mutualistic
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Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter interactions in the nitrogen cycle where Nitrosomonas oxidizes ammonium ions to nitrite and Nitrobacter oxidizes nitrite to nitrate is an example of
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commensalism
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Which of the following is not recycled in an ecosystem?
A. Sulfur B. Nitrogen Correct C. Energy D. Carbon |
Energy
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Pathogenicity island is
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a cluster of genes encoding several proteins related with pathogenicity
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The human epidermis is sterile but it could be used by pathogenic bacteria as a way of entry to our body
True False |
false
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2.0/ 2.0 Points
A bacterial toxin that has been modified, so it is not longer toxic but will still stimulate the antitoxin production when it is injected in the appropriated host is called: |
toxoid
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Pathogenicity islands are not present in nonpathogenic members of the same genus or species
True False |
true
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Which is true for endotoxins?
A. Highly toxic and fatal in microgram quantities B. Highly antigenic C. Usually binds to specific cellular receptors D. Found mostly in Gram-negative bacteria E. Toxoids are used to immunize |
Found mostly in Gram-negative bacteria
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For a bacterial pathogen to be successful in growth and reproduction, it must find which of the following?
A. Appropriate nutrients B. Appropriate pH C. Appropriate temperature D. Appropriate redox potential E. All of the above |
All of the above
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