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222 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
GP120 |
viral attachment protein of HIV |
|
Orthomyxoviridae |
Virus: Influnza A virus attachment: HA gp (hemaglutinate is the binding protein) |
|
Epstein-Barr virus |
B cell is the target receptor is CD21 and C3d |
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HIV |
Helper T cell is target receptor is CD4 |
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viral fusion |
only occurs in enveloped viruses |
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Pox viruses |
stay in cytoplasm |
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Rabies virus buzzword |
Bullet shaped |
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Syncytia causing viruses |
Paramyxoviruses (measeles/mumps) Herpesviruses Retroviruse(HIV) HeRP cause giant multi-nucleated cells |
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Negri bodies |
Rabies |
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Owels eye |
Cytomegalovirus |
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cancer causing viruses |
HPV-supress tumor-supressor genes HTLV-1 = removes checkpoints CMV/EBV = prevents apoptosis HBV= hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Parvo |
B19 single stranded DNA virus, super small called 5th disease, causes a rash targets RBC precursors, lyses them, causes mild enemia can cross placenta, respiratory young infected more often than adults rash looks like someone slapped both sides of face adults have it more severely stillbirth, hydrops |
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Papovaviruses HPV is MOST COMMON STD |
naked virus causes INFECTIOUS worts virus enters through skin break get it from walking around in pools/sex HPV-6, HPV-11 cause WORTS HPV-16, HPV-18 cause CANCER Cauliflower lesion Huge nucleus with a peri-nuclear vacuole-Koilocyte |
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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R. rickettsii, Tick, spotted, techial rash (spotted), can cause hypovolemic shock
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Rickettsialpox
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R. akari, Mite
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Scrub typhus
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R. tsutsugamushi, mite
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spirochetes genera and characterstics
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motile, cork–screw like motion, need to be seen in dark field microscopy
gram negative but no LPS Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira |
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Treponemes
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Treponema pallidum: causes syphilis
Treponema carateum: causes pinta |
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Treponema pallidum
|
causes syphillis, destroys host tissue due to host immune response
3rd most common STD universal precautions spread |
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most common STD
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HPV
|
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most common bacterial STD
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Chlymidia
|
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T. pallidum phases
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1– painless chancre(ulcer) at infection site
2–Rash over entire body, including palms and soles, patchy hairloss, condylomata lata(wort like), nickel and dime rash 3–destruction of brain/heart tissues(lethal w.o treat), Gummas in bone and skin |
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T. pallidum
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hosts immune system does damage
cant culture, causes syphilis no vaccine |
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Congenital Syphilis |
vertical transmission baby has: snuffels from nose, hutchinson teeth(notched), saber shins, raspberry molars |
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Diagnosis of T. pallidum |
Non-treponenal first VDRL(beneral disease lab test) RPR(rapid plasma reagin) cardiolipin is antigen Treponemal tests-for confirmation Antibody absorbtion (FTA-ABS) T. pallidum aggul(TP-PA) (EIA- enzyme immunoassay) |
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Borellia burgdorferi |
LYME has outer envelope transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (black legged tick) 3 stages 1-"bulls eye rash and flu 2- arthritis, maliase (6mth later) 3-(yrs later) neuro effects, prolonged arthritis |
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B. burgdorferi diagnosis |
ELISIA screen and Western confirm |
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B. recurrentis |
human body louse causes recurring fever that decreases each time it occurs, fever,chills, sweats bc of antigenic variation spirochetes only there when in febrile stage |
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B. hermsi |
tick-born relapsing fever hepatomegaly,splenomegaly soft body tick spread(orinthodoros) colorado same relapse as recurrentis |
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Leptospira interrogans |
obligate aerobic spirochetes with HOOKED ENDS Rodents in Hawaii-mouse pee transmitted via water and food with virus(mouse pees in water) causes leptospirosis, 2 phases 1-flu-like 2- sudden headache,chills, fever, conjuctival suffusion(eye edema) Weil disease- renal failure, jaundice Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) |
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Gram-negative aerobic coccobacilli |
Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Coxiella Small obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted via arthropods |
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Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) |
neutrophils attacked |
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Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) |
monocytes attacked |
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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R. rickettsii
Tick Dermacentor SE USA Phospholipase A degrades phagosome Abrubt f,c, headache Rash 2-3 days later, starts on hands and feet then goes inward Weil-felix for diagnosis, poor gram stain |
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Rickettsialpox |
R. akari Mite/mouse in NE Self-limiting, single red papule appears with photophobia, cough ,vertigo then 3 days later 20-40 lesions on palms and soles appear |
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Scrub typhus |
R. tsutsugamushi (Orientia) Chiggers-mite larva F,c,HA,myalgia, Maculopapular rash-trunk to extremeties |
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Epidemic typhus |
R. prowazekii Human body Louse Crowed unsanitary conditions Flying squirrel reservoir Fever, chills, headache then rash from TRUNK TO EXTREMETIES Positive Weil-Felix test Brill-Zinsser disease can occur-WWII vets, like typhus but milder, increased IgG |
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Ehrlichiosis |
E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii Tick WBC infection (monocytes and granulocytes) N,v,abd pain Young adult/elderly Will see a morula containing organisms on blood smear |
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Anaplasmosis |
A. phagocytophilum Tick Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) Morula on blood smearsN,v,abd pain |
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Q fever |
C. burnetii No vector Gram neg bac, Spore-like Found in phagolysosome INHALE TO INFECT- aerosol spreadFound in placenta and poop of livestock and cats Acute disease-antibody against Phase 2 antigen, atypical pneumonia(hacking, non-productive cough) Chronic disease- antibodies against phase 1 and 2, endocarditis, f,maliase |
|
chlamydiaceae |
gram-neg kinda, obligate intracellular. has envelope, uses hosts ATP,NADP Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Chlamydia trachomatis EB form is small and hardy, infectious form for entry and exit RB(reticulate body)-large, fragile, intracellular form, replication, NOT INFECTIOUS "burning, discharge on urination" "cytoplasmic occulsions" |
|
how does chlamydiacea enter cells? |
EB form invades and doesn't let lysosome and phagosome combine and then turns to RB and uses ATP to repilicate and form inclusion bodies, then 3 days later form EBs and become infectious STAIN BLUE WITH IODINE |
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"atypical pneumonia" most common? |
mycoplasmia |
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“parrot fever” |
-Chlamydophila psittaci |
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“walking pneumoniae” |
-Chlamydophila pneumoniae |
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Trachoma,inclusion conjunctivitis, NGU, LGV |
C.trachomatis |
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Chlamydia psittaci |
birds/bird poo respiratory infection, causes lung inflammation, mucus plugs splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, coma, myocarditis super infectious! |
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organisms that don't gram stain? |
Legionella, mycolasmia, chlymidia |
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C. pneumoniae |
respiratory droplets nosocomial transmission, community aquired causes "walking pneumonia", bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, aytpical pnemonia with persistant cough (wks), atherosclerosis elderly most common |
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bacteria with a capsule |
Streptococcus pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae Haemophilius influenzae type b Neisseria meningitidis Escherichia coli K1 |
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C. trachomatis overview |
Awesome serotypes: -Trachoma(A,B,Ba and C) -traveling -Inclusion conjuctivitis, non0gonococcal urethrtis(D-K) -Lymphogranuloma venerum(LGV, L1,L2,L2a,L3) DNA probes, cytoplasmic inclusions |
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C. trachomatis-Trachoma |
serotype (A,B,Ba and C) PERM blindness occurs due to inflammation in eye, this rubbing back and forth causes scarring of cornea via eye-flies, children, feces |
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C. trachomatis-Inclusion conjuctivitis |
Inclusion conjuctivitis, non0gonococcal urethrtis serotypes (D-K) auto-innoculation from junk most common form of neonatal conjuctivitis in USA! acute, eye discharge, not perm blindness |
|
C. trachomatis- NGU (non-gonnococcal urethritits) |
serotypes D-K STD in teens, can cause infertility, cervical OS discharge, urethra discharge mucoid discharge infants can get eye infections or infant pneumonia-infant has pertussis-like cough, SOB, no fever |
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C. trachomatis-LGV-Lymphogranuloma venereum |
serotypes with L in them purulent exudate STD in homosex males populus in SA,Africa,asia aquired by abrasions, transient papules on external genitalia massive lymphandopathy in groin and elephantitis, LN blocked and skin over LN can get thin rupture f,c,HA macrophages IgM serology |
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STDS with discharge? |
chymidia(ureaplasma) gonnerhea(G- dldiplococci, kidney beans with neutrophils, yellow discharge, pilli factor for antigenic variations and attachment) |
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STDs with lesions? |
LGV, HPV, herpes, syphillis(painless ulcer) |
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Mycoplasma |
lack cell wall, resistant to penicillins, cephlasporins no staining m.pneumonia- "mulberry looking" |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
strict aerobe “mulberry” appearance P1 adhesion- kills ciliated cells in resp tract which causes persistent cough Superantigen-like activity- stimulates inflammatoy cell migration via TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6 organisms shed in resp secretions before and after infection spread by droplets, pneumoniae in children 5-15YOA and teens causes: mild upper resp infection- low fev, malaise, HA, non-prod cough mild tracheobronchitis- f,cough, HA atypical pneumonia- "walking pneumonia" slow onset, f, HA, unilteral patchy in lower lobes non-purulent otitis media in teenagers and lower resp tract illness!! mononuclear cells on gram stain cold agglutins |
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M. hominis, M. genitalium |
Sexual contact spread in GU tract, FRIED EGG APPERANCE, faculative arobes M. hominis- post-partum fever (erythro resistant) M. genitalium- NGU SEXUAL ABUSE SPREAD TO KIDS |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum |
UREASE ACTIVITY no cell wall small circular, burrowing colonies kidney stones....if no gram stain this (otherwise proteus) GU tract of m/f, 80% with >3 sex partners |
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anaerobes overview |
Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridia(impt) colonize in large numbers usually endogenous and help with digestion spread to areas they shouldn't be in trauma |
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Actinomyces |
Gram + rods, anerobe slow-growth in culture, BRANCHING RODS A. israelii normal flora in mouth, GI,GU endogenous infection due to trauma/cancer chronic granulomatous lesions, in abcesses, look like grain of sand "sulfur granules"- yellow/orange masses of fiamentous organisms Cervicofacial disease= poor oral hygiene, dental work, tissue swelling on jawline "lumpy jaw" "G+ branching rods" that do not grow in the presence of oxygen"--thiss white colonies with domed surface(molar-looking, vertical growth!) |
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Bacteroides fragilis |
Gram-negative, pleomorphic, anerobe rods, endogenous 80% of GI infections!! via bite or trauma self-limiting watery diarrhea (<5YOA) vagina abscess FOUL ODOR, grows on bacteroides bile-esculin agar (agar has gentamicin to kill enterococcus, turns black) |
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Clostridia overview |
G+, spore forming rods exotoxins, endogenous strict anaerobes |
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clostridium perfringens overview |
Gas gangrene, food poisoning, necrotizing enteritis flat, spreading colonies, DOUBLE zone of B-hemolysis α-toxin: leathal toxin, phospolipase C (increases vascular permeability, hemolysin- produces necrotizing activity β-Toxin: causes GI stasis, progression to necrotizing enteritis (pig-bel) Complete hemolysis- caused by θ-toxin Type A causes most infections in USA Type C causes pig-bel (Beta toxin) Type B-E live in GI tract Nagler rxn ( on egg yolk agar, coagulates milk, rapidly grows |
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Clostridium septicum |
not associated with trauma, colon cancer associated |
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Clostridium tetani |
Tetanus round terminal spores that look like a drumstick film on agar surface dry foot punctures- tetanus wet foot punctures-psudonomonas in soil, feces toxins: 1-heat-labile neurotoxin(tetanospasmin)- retrograde axonal transport (B part binds neurons, A part enters cytoplasm causing tetanus by preventing inhibitory transmitter(GABA/Glycine release) "Lockjaw" Trismus then to trunk and limbs generalized tetanus follows trauma- most common in USA decending muscle rigidity, back spasm(opisthitonos) Treat: 1- neutrilize toxin with tetanus immune globulin(TIG)-GIVE FIRST-if give AB first can lyse bacteria releasing more toxin.... 2- immunize with tetanus toxoid(Td booster) 3-debride and give AntiBs DTaP- tetanus booster every 10yrs |
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Clostridium botulinum |
Botulism gram + rods anerobic found in honey/home canning heat-labile neurotoxin-heat kills it inhibits ACh release, F-A-B-E toxins cause disease NO FEVER "flappy baby syndrome" decending symmetric paralysis-death bc resp musc paralysis can be inhaled! toxin has A/B part (b=bind, A=blocks ACh release) CONSTIPATION Treat: anti-toxin, NO ANTIBs until toxin cleared |
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Clostridium difficile |
Pseudomembranous colitis- GI tract covered with plaque (grey,yellow) Toxin A: enterotoxin- LOTS watery diarrhea, mucoid green, foul-smelling Toxin B: cytotoxin-kils actin toxin in stool means disease!! not just organism after clindamycin tx nosocomial infection and via toilet seats |
|
clostridium perfringens- gas gangrene |
hypotension, tachy, intense pain, black looking, painful blisters with gas, shiny bronze, |
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c. perfringens-food poisoning |
injection of meat with this--CRAMPS AND WATERY DIARRHEA, no f/v nursing home residents |
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c. perfringens-necrotizing enteritis (pig-bel) |
rare necrotizing in jejunum, bloody diarrhea papua new guinea-TYPE C, by eating pork with sweet potatos |
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acending flaccid paralysis with no sensory loss |
polio |
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associated with gullian barre |
campylobacer jejuni |
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Anerobic Bacteria |
|
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Animal bite/scratch Zoonoses |
Pasteurella multocida Bartonella henselae Capnocytophaga canimorsus=dogs Streptobacillus moniliformis=rats |
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Contact w/ infected animal Zoonoses |
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Brucella spp. Francisella tularensis==Bioterrorism agents |
|
Vector-borne Zoonoses |
Yersinia pestis |
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Pasteurella multocida |
Gram-negative coccobacillus, oxidase-positive, bi-polar staining Cat bites,dog bites burning sensation that turns to cellulitis, warmth pain blood/chocolate agar |
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Bartonella henselae |
"Cat-scratch" disease small G-bacilli Aerobic, fastidious chronic swollen LNs, self-limiting (2-5 months) can be altered mental status, confusion, pneumonia diagnose via warthin starry silver stain of LN |
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Bacillary Angiomatosis |
B. henselae and B. quintana in immune compromised patients PURPLE nodules/papules |
|
Capnocytophaga canimorsus |
gram negative rod dog (or cat) bite septicemia cellulitis, gangrene, shock |
|
Streptobacillus moniliformis |
long thin G- rod"string of beads" in rats/rodents rat bite fever- carditis, pneumonia, maculopapular rash Haverhill fever- v, pharyngitis from contaminited food/water blood agar--small round colonies, slow grow |
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
G+ microaerophilic rods, Cat neg, alpha hemolytic, H2S+ purple skin lesion on fingers/hands after contact and is burning or throbbing |
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Brucella spp. |
brucellosi- undulant fever has cat,oxidase,urease, G- coccobacilli B. melitensis-Most pathogenic--Goats and sheep B. suis-pigs B. abortus- cows contact with infected animal(aborted animal fetus), contaminated food/milk, INHALATION(bioweapon), needle stick, eye-splash causes profuse sweating, flu, depression |
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Francisella tularensis |
tularemia-"rabbit fever"-contact w rabbit blood TICKS GIVE IT TO RABITS Aerobic G- rod, facultative intracellular Ulceroglandular tularemia: ulcer at infectionsite and swollen LN, entry through skin, could be by ticks if on legs,head Pulmonic tularemia: inhalation, dry cough,CP Oropharyngeal tularemia: ingestion-bloody poos grows on BCYE!!! |
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Yersinia pestis |
plague oxidase neg, G- rod in southwest USA in praire dogs,squirrels and spread via FLEAS into host urban plaque-rat fleas Fraction 1 gene (F1) virulence factor- antiphagocytic protein capsule Yop genes: T3 secretion system, kills WBCs Bubonic plague- bacteria in LN, buboes form Plasminogen activator (Pla) protease geneDegrades complement components C3b and C5a septicemic plague- "black death" subQ hemmorhage Pneumonic plague- RESPIRATORY DROPLET SPREAD, hemorrhagic pneumonia, DIE IN 2 DAYS, drown in own blood... bipolar staining in LN tissue |
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Parasites |
no cell wall |
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fungi |
nucleus, cell wall of chitin cell membrane contains ergosterol cause infections in IC pts, cause allergies fungal diseases = mycoses produce fermentation products, sterols, antiBs some fungi dimorphic yeast in the beast(37C) mold in the cold(25C) grow on sabouraud dextrose agar |
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yeast |
unicellular, budding.fission reproduction
round mucoid colonies on agar Crytococcus neoformes |
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mold |
multicellular, filaments hyphae septate has seperations, hairy colonies on agar Aspergillus |
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Coccidioides immitis |
mold phase in soil, yeast phase in lungs |
|
Malassezia furfur |
superficial mycoses
yeast found in tropical areas on the beach, likes oil causes pityriasis versicolor- makes patches on skin where sebacous glands are, hyperpigmentation and hypopigments skin spagetti and meatballs |
|
Cutaneous Mycoses: Dermatophytes |
Trichophyton Microsporum-UV light Epidermophyton |
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Tinea corporis |
ringworm |
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Tinea capitis |
on scalp, UV light, scaling of skin |
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Parasites |
eukaryotic, cause of diseases in immigrants, travelers, IC patients malaria===most deaths |
|
Protozoa |
something----phora can go to cyst form to survive in bad conditions antigenic variation to avoid immune system reproduce via binary fission |
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Metazoa |
helminths: worms, have tough external cuticle MBP(Major basic protein) in eosinophils kills worms but cuticule can protect worm |
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Enterobius vermicularis |
pinworm, fecal-oral nocturnal Perianal irritation, itching Eggs can live for month |
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Trichuris trichiura |
Causes whipworm, barrel shaped egg Bloody diarrhea, anemia |
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Flukes |
Trematodes flat, leaf-shaped worms, clams/snails as hosts operculated eggs |
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Paragonimus westermani |
Lung fluk3 can look like TB on CXR, asia, africa, RAW CRAB/CRAWFISH bloody speutum eggs trematodes |
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Metazoa: Cestodes |
Tapeworms, flat ribbons, with scolex, hemaphraditic |
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Taenia solium ==================================== Taenia saginata |
pork tapeworm, from pork, causes cycticerosis-calcification of organs travels to brain and causes seziures cestodes ===================================== beef tapeworm, No neuro-complications |
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D. latum: |
fish tapeworm From ingestion of undercooked fish cestodes |
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prions |
mutant host proteins cause Slow neurodegenerative diseases with long incubation (<30 yrs) aquire them via genetic mutation |
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Slow virus transmission |
|
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Prion Protein
|
scrapie-like prion protein (PrPSc) defective protein Resistant to formaldehyde, UV, 80°C Humans (and animals) encode a cellular prion protein (PrPC), Gene located on chromosome 20 PrPSc found intracellularly, PrPC on cell surface |
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Prion theory |
Stanley Prusiner in 1982 PrPSc binds to normal PrPC on cell surface, causing it to refold and acquire the structure of PrPSc PrPSc released from cell; aggregates as amyloid-like plaques in the brain causing disease |
|
Scrapie |
Pruritis causes animal to scrape themselves against trees (hence scrapie) fatal ataxia(cant control movements anymore) Brains show spongiform degeneration and contain a filterable transmissible agent |
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Kuru
|
canabilism, when eating brain, fatal 1 year after symptom onset |
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
|
Transmitted by exposure to infected brain material
dura mater graft, injection of HGH/gonadotropin, contaminated medical devices >50YOA CJD also inheritable= Autosomal dominant mutations in PRNP gene Rapid progression to death (3-6 mos) Dementia/hallucinations MyoclonusCerebellar ataxia Blindness Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS)Rare subset of inherited form of CJD, earlier onset |
|
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) |
Inability to sleep, myoclonus, ataxia, dementia Results from genetic mutationsWide age range of onset (20-70 yrs old) |
|
Genetic Mutations of CJD and FFI
|
A result of 2 combined mutations in PRNP geneMust have aspartic acid to asparagine mutation at codon 178
Second mutation at codon 129 determines disease: If valine then familial (inherited) CJD If methionine then FFI |
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Differences between CJD and vCJD |
Traditional CJDAge of onset: >50 yrs Time between disease onset and death: 3-6 mos New variant CJDAge of onset: 19-24 yrs Time between disease onset and death: 6-24 mos |
|
Diagnosis of prion diseases?? |
Confirmation by detecting proteinase K-resistant PrPSc in a Western blot see plaques or spongiform vacuoles in brain |
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Candia albicans |
normal flora, causes thrush when AntiB kills bacteria |
|
EF-2 inhibitors |
Diptheria (gray-membrane in throat), pseudomonas argunosia |
|
Adenecyclate binding causing issues |
Cholera, antharax(Edema factor), ETEC, Pretussis |
|
ASO titer |
rheumatic fever |
|
burn patients |
MRSA, Pseudomonas argunosia |
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flutoquinolones |
attacks DNA gyrase |
|
rusty sputum |
strep pneumonia |
|
most common cause of UTI |
e. coli recurrent UTI |
|
constipation |
tyit butt Salmonella typhi and closteridium botulinum |
|
ergosterol |
target of AntiFungal agents |
|
Protozoa-Ameoba |
Entamoeba-Bloody diarrhea |
|
Trophozoite |
vegatitive form of protozoa |
|
Protozoa-Flagellates-Trichomonas vaginalis |
pussy discharge, itching, redness |
|
Protozoa-flagellates-Giardia lamblia |
fecal-oral, contaminated water---malabsorption syndrome |
|
Cryptosporidium (“Crypto”)
|
fungus
Watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting Transmitted in water |
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Blood Protozoa: Plasmodia
|
malaria, f,c,HA, n,v coma |
|
Nematodes |
metazoa roundworms |
|
RNA Viruses |
|
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DNA viruses |
|
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DS RNA virus?? |
Rotovirus(Reo), NAKED BABY POOING |
|
DNA Naked? |
PAP Parvo-B19 (ss) Adeno Papova(HPV) |
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DNA enveloped? |
HHP Herpes(nuclear membrane) HepB (jaundice) Pox(complex shape to capsid) |
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RNA + Naked? |
PNC Picorna Polio, rhino Norwalk #1 diarrhea Calci |
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RNA + Enveloped? |
FTC R Flavi-Dengue Toga-reubella Corona-SARS Retro-HIV GP120 |
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RNA - Enveloped? |
OP BARF Orthomyxo- flu, 8 segs Paramyxo- measles, mumps Bunya, hunta virus, 3 segs Arena-hemorrhagic fever, 2 segs Rhabdo-rabies Filo-ebola |
|
RNA + |
is just mRNA |
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Helical |
enveloped -RNA and corona |
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Icosahedral |
all +RNA, all DNA viruses and Reo(ds-RNA) |
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complex |
Pox |
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Viron polymerase? |
all -RNA and rota, Pox and HepDNA |
|
segmented viruses? |
Reo, Orthomyxo, Bunya, Arena BOAR |
|
Orthomyxoviridae VAP (Viral attachment protein)? |
Influenza A virus- HA gp |
|
Epstein-Barr Virus receptor target? |
CD21, B cell |
|
HIV receptor target? |
Helper T cell CD4 |
|
Endocytosis |
viropexis....bind receptors and gets endocytosed |
|
syncitia forming viruses |
Paramyxo, herpes, retro |
|
Owl's eye occulusions |
CMV(herps) and adenovirus |
|
Negri body |
perkinje cell--Rhabdovirus(Rabies) |
|
Guarneri bodies |
Smallpox |
|
Cowdry A |
HSV, intranuclear |
|
HTLV-1 |
TAX protein causes proliferation of T cells = leukemia, activates IL-2
|
|
CPE detection? |
hemaggulutination seen Add virus and your antibodies and place on cell culture===if no CPE then you have immunity |
|
RT-PCR |
RNA |
|
PCR |
DNA |
|
Parvovirus |
B19, smallest ssDNA virus "slap cheek fever" targets RBC precursors respiratory, crosses placenta sickle cell anemia pts can have aplastic crisis severe and sudden enemia severe arthritis in adults(woman) IgM specific ELISA, no treatment |
|
Rash in children |
1.VZV
2.Measels-rubeola 3.Rubella-german measels-Togavirus 4.HHV-6-roseola 5. b19- parvo |
|
Papovaviruses |
HPV, STD, infectious warts(1-4) on genitals via skin breaks "cauliflower lesions" Cancer causing==HPV-18, HPV-16 E6 binds to p53 E7 binds to Rb Condylomata acuminata (genital warts 6,11) koilocytic cells on pap smear Vaccine(Gardasil has serotype6-11-16-18) |
|
BK and JC viruses in papovavirus |
ICP BK-"bad kidney"-glomeurulonephritis, transplant pt JC-"junk cerebellum" degenerative brain, transplant pts |
|
Adenoviridae |
Fecal-oral, toilet seat, penton fibers GI-serotype 40,41 Pharyngitis with PINK EYE Acute respiratory tract disease(f,c, cervical inflam) military recruits conjuctivitis from swimming pool 5-15= pee blood Non-attenuated vaccine (only one) IgA titer |
|
Poxvirus |
Largest virus, replicated in cytoplasm orthopox- smallpox(variola major) molluscipox (molluscum contagiosum, orf and monkeypox |
|
Orthopox |
small pox, inhalation, close contact, eradicated Variola major(virus)- resp tract replication-->LN-->viremia "umbilicated lesion all same size" pox usually on face and legs |
|
Orf =========================== Monkeypox |
sheep, SINGLE nodular lesion
=================================== From infected prairie dogs----Symptoms similar to smallpox but milder and with swollen lymph nodes Pox |
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Molluscum Contagiosum |
Pox STD wrestling, wart-like lesions, cytoplasmic inclusions seen in epithelial cells |
|
HepaDNAviridae |
HepB, chronic(B and Delta agent needed) can cause cirrosis reverse transcriptase, RNA intermediate, partially DS in liver, found in secretions, STD, needles "dark urine, pale stools, jaundice" immune complex T3 HS Vaccine protein component=HBsAg hepatocellular carninoma |
|
Herpesviridae overview |
Virus assembled in nucleus(nuclear envelope) forms syncitia HSV-1==Cold sores/STD HSV-2==STD VZV==chickenpox EBV==Monocucleosis HCMV HHV-6 and HHV-8==Roseola |
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Syncitia |
Herpes, retro, paramyxo |
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dormant ganglia |
HSV-1(trigeminal ganglia) HSV-2(Sacral) VZV(dorsal root) |
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dormant in lymphocyte |
EBV, CMV, HHV-6,7,8 |
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HSV-1 |
"above the belt" --Trigemingal direct contact, fever blisters cold sores--gingivostomatitis, ocular herps(blindness)-autoinnoculation encephalitis(#1 cause on reactivation(adults), unilateral, orbital/temporal/frontal lobe)-infants gladiatorum-contact sports-back of neck pre-pain before eruption of sore... herpatic whitlow too HSV DNA in CSF can't clear virus, supresses it |
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HSV-2 |
Sacral ganglia "below the belt"-sexual abuse neonatal period-- encephalitis meniti cervix sheds virus perfuse watery discharge from lesion herpetic whitlow-dentist fingers, intense pain on ulcer "dew drops on rose petal" photophobia, dysuria |
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VZV |
RESPIRATORY chicken pox shingles(zoster-adults reactivation, post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN)) dorsal root ganglia different sized lesions on trunk Reye's syndrome: profuse projective v, enceph Single dermatome passive-VZIG also live attenuated virus |
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Live vaccines |
MMR, VZV |
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Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-mononnucleosis |
CD21 B cell, lytic inf of oropharynx latent in B/T cells Splenomegaly "kissing disease-salivia", young adults, bilateral cervical LN sticking out, f peak in afternoon/evening, profound fatigue, 100% rash if given ampicillin, B and T cells start attacking each other Downey cells in blood(large cell off center nucleus), high WBC IgM heterophile antibody positive(Lots of random antibodies are produced from B cells) |
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Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-Burkitt's lymphoma(BL) |
Africa, malaria, JAW TUMORS Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-blood in saliva or a bloody discharge, hearing loss, males 20-50 |
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EBV Lymphoproliferative Disease |
T cell immunodeficiency-t cells can't control B cell growth, transplant patients Hodgkin Lymphoma |
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EBV treatment |
NO ampicillin bc 100% rash |
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Cytomegalovirus(CMV) |
CMV IS MOST COMMON CONGENITIAL INFECTION IN USA kids and pregnant women, transplant patients major cause of deafness/retardation heterophile negative mononucleosis infancy and intamacy in secretions "seronegative pregnant woman at a daycare" "blueberry muffin baby"-congenital CMV Congenital CMV infection is the most common viral cause of birth defects pneumonia, Chorioretinitis(AIDS) "OWLS EYE" suspect CMV: babby w/ microcephaly, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly mononucleosis-like syndrome that is heterophil antibody negative |
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HHV-6 |
respiratory drops, high f followed by rash, T/B cells, ROSEOLA, young kids |
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HHV-8 |
Kaposi's sarcoma |
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Calciviruses |
Norwalk(norovirus)-"cruise ship GI"- watery diarrhea--hits brush border, F-O spread |
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Flaviviridae overview |
Arboviruses-mosquito vector spits virus into blood Yellow fever-hemm West Nile-encephalitis St. Louis -encephalitis Japanese-encephalitis Dengue-hemm |
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St. Louis Encephalitis Virus |
arboviral encephalitis, >40 YOA, permanent neurologic impairment |
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West Nile Virus |
1999 in USA high fever, neck stiffness, coma, tremors rash on trunk and swollen LNs |
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Dengue |
"break bone fever"-severe/intense muscle/bone pain-reinfection gives more severe symptoms Caibbean, Africa, middle east Aedes mosquito in USA hemorrhagic fever, bleeding from nose, GI, urine-low platelets |
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Yellow fever |
Severe systemic disease with degeneration of the liver, kidney, heart and hemorrhag jaundice, black vomit, travel to caribbean, SA, aftica |
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Hepatitis C Virus |
80% become chronic 1’HPC- hepatocellular carcinoma STD and perinatal |
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Togavirus |
German measles -Rubella (3 day measles) teratogenic lots of lymphadenopathy, decending rash from forehead, Cataracts happen in infants!! |
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Coronaviridae |
SARS f of >101, CXR with pneumonia, travel to china or toronto |
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Picornaviridae |
polio, HepA, rhinovirus, coxsakie, RHAP your cox F-O spread replicate at 37C, can survive in bile,acid IPV—inactivated—killed---salkUsed in USAAOPV—oral---live------Sabin |
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Poliovirus |
Flaccid paralysis with no sensory loss |
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coxsackieviruses |
F-O transmit Herpangin-coxsackie , ulcerated lesions on uvula and soft palate Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease= coxsackie A16, vesicular lesions on hand, feet, mouth and tongue Pleurodyna (devils grip- coxsackie B, rib pain unila cox B- sudden heart fail |
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coxsackieviruses- Viral Aseptic Meningitis-nonbacterial |
echo or coxsackie, FUO glucose levels low in bacterial meningitis, normal for viral meningitis |
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Picorniae |
most common cause of viral meningitis |
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Hepatitis A virus |
undercooked shellfish from sewage infested water “Infectious Hepatitis” |
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Rhinoviruses |
labile in acid and replicates at a lower temperature (33° C) which probably limits its predilection for the nasal mucosa NO FEVER ICAM receptor common cold |
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antigenic shift can only happen in what viruses? |
BOAR
Bunya, ortho, adeno, reo, segmented viruses |
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Rhabdoviruses |
Bullet shape rabies-brain-agressive behavior weird animal encounter Negri bodies RETROGRADE AXOPLASMIC transport to dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord hydrophobia 1 dose of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG)==PASSIVE 5 doses of rabies killed vaccine===ACTIVEkilled virus |
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Filoviridae |
Filamentous Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic |
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Bunyaviridae |
segmented Hantavirus (Sin Nombre)-RODENTS Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) involves the lung-Arsolized mouse droppings starts w f,non-productive c, myalgia then goes to heart/lungspain in legs? |
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Bunyavirus |
infected mosquitoes |
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Rotavirus |
Common cause of infantile WATERY diarrhea worldwide F-O spread live vaccine |
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Orthomyxoviridae |
abrupt onset of f, retroorbital pain, non-p c no viremia--only in respiratory Influenzavirus A,B,C---acute resp---elderly spanish flu, f Type A-can affect human/animals ANTIGENIC SHIFT B/C only people Hemagglutinin (HA)-ATTACHMENT PROTEIN Neuraminidase (NA)-releases virus from infected cells so they can affect new cells The new anti-flu drugs are NA inhibitors that block the function of N Viruses are classified based on their HA and NA phenotype(H1N1) |
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Antigenic shift is? |
PANDEMIC(WORSE) One subtype is found exclusively for several decades until it is suddenly replaced by a different subtype Influenza A, needs HA and NA Reassortment of viral RNA segments occurs when cells in the lab are co-infected with 2 different subtypes of influenza |
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Antigenic drift |
EPIDEMIC Type A and type B small gradual changes in the amino acid sequence of HA at 4 sites reconized by antibodies ANY RNA VIRUS CAN DRIFT |
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Paramyxoviridae overview |
syncytia Morbillivirus:Measles Paramyxovirus:Parainfluenza, MumpsPneumovirus:Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) |
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Morbillivirus |
Measles, resp droplets b4 and after symptoms, replicates in resp tract starts w high f--then koplick spots in mouth then rash starts below ears to rest of body 3 C’s:cough, conjunctivitis and coryza, Photophobia pneumonia causes death |
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Paramyxovirus:Parainfluenzae |
resp droplets severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young childre, CROUP, seal cough |
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Paramyxovirus:Mumps |
Acute, benign, BILATERAL parotitis (painful swelling of the salivary glands) viremia to testes, ovary, pancreas, thyroid and CNS---sterility Oral exam reveals redness and swelling of ostium of Stenson’s duct synticia |
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Pneumovirus:Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV) |
Most frequent cause of fatal respiratory tract infections in infants and young children rhinorrhea Syncytia Localized to the upper respiratory tract "mucus plugs" Monoclonal Ab against F protein |
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CSF |
viral meningitis--glucose is normal bacterial meningitis--glucose is decreased |
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Paramyxoviruses |
RSV, parainfluenza, measles and mumps PRMM |
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paralysis |
c. botulinum, polio,prions |
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Bloody Diarrhea` |
Francisella tularensis Trichuris trichiura Entamoeba c. perfringens shigella Campylobacter jejuni EIEC |
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Tetrogenic |
TORCHeSV TOxoplasma gondii, Rubella, CMV, HIV, HSV, Syphillis,VZV |