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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1.1. A strain is a type of A. species. B. kingdom. C. genus. D. binomial. |
A. species. |
A. species. D. binomial. |
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1.2. The language used for scientific names is A. English. B. Latin. C. Spanish. D. German. |
B. Latin. |
A. English. B. Latin. |
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1.3. A two-word name for a new species is its A. genus. B. binomial. C. kingdom. D. species. |
B. binomial. |
B. binomial. D. species. |
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1.4. The nomenclature scheme applied to around 6000 plants in 1753 was created by A. Linnaeus. B. Woese. C. Janssen. D. Planck. |
A. Linnaeus. |
A. Linnaeus. C. Janssen. |
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1.5. True or False? Scientists often abbreviate the species modifier. |
False |
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1.6. True or False? Common names for microbes are often used in discussions. |
True |
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1.8. Which group contains viruses? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
C. Noncellular |
C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
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1.9. Which group contains bacteria? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
B. Prokaryote |
A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote |
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1.10. Which group contains algae? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
A. Eukaryote |
A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote |
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1.12. Which group contains Archaea? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
B. Prokaryote |
B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular |
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1.13. Which group contains HIV? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
C. Noncellular |
C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
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1.14. Which group contains protists? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
A. Eukaryote |
A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote |
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1.15. Which group contains cells lacking a nucleus? A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote C. Noncellular D. None of these answers are correct. |
B. Prokaryote |
A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote |
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1.16. True or False? The modern system of taxonomy is essentially unchanged from that devised by Ernst Haeckel who coined the word protist for the microorganisms. |
False |
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1.17. True or False? In the mechanics of classification, several orders are grouped to form a family and several families are placed together in a genus. |
False |
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1.18. True or False? In the original five-kingdom system of classification the bacteria and cyanobacteria are placed together in the kingdom Monera. |
True |
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1.21. The unit of measure used to describe microbes is the A. inch. B. meter. C. millimeter. D. micrometer. |
D. micrometer. |
C. millimeter. D. micrometer. |
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1.22. The microscope was invented by A. Galileo Galilei. B. Robert Hooke. C. Zacharius Janssen. D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. |
C. Zacharius Janssen. |
C. Zacharius Janssen. D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. |
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1.23. One millionth of a meter is A. 1 m. B. 1 cm. C. 1 mm. D. 1 µm. E. 1 nm. |
D. 1 µm. |
D. 1 µm. E. 1 nm. |
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1.24. True or False? The micrometer used in the measurement of many microorganisms is equivalent to one thousand nanometers. |
True |
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1.25. True or False? Without using water, it is difficult to have enough light to see clearly through a light microscope’s oil-immersion objective lens. |
False |
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1.26. True or False? The scanning electron microscope enables scientists to see a cell’s surface in three dimensions. |
True |
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1.28. The plasma membrane A. controls what enters and leaves the cell. B. is a hard, protective shell. C. doesn’t do anything. D. keeps the cell from growing. |
A. controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
A. controls what enters and leaves the cell. B. is a hard, protective shell. |
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1.29. If cells get too large, they A. explode. B. can’t move. C. join other cells. D. divide or starve. |
D. divide or starve. |
A. explode. D. divide or starve. |
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2.1. Cohesion between water molecules enables insects to walk across the surface of the water. |
True |
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2.2. How much of a cell’s mass is water? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 90% |
C. 75% |
C. 75% D. 90% |
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2.3. An ancient pond or body of water rich in substances that could have provided favorable conditions for the emergence of life is A. saturated. B. unsaturated. C. elemental. D. primordial soup. |
D. primordial soup. |
C. elemental. D. primordial soup. |
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2.4. What contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1? A. Carbohydrates B. Proteins C. Phospholipids D. Nucleic acids |
A. Carbohydrates |
A. Carbohydrates C. Phospholipids |
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2.5. A protein that brings about a chemical change while itself remaining unchanged is A. an enzyme. B. a lipid. C. DNA. D. an isomer. |
A. an enzyme. |
A. an enzyme. C. DNA. |
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2.6. A complex carbohydrate made up of sugar molecules linked into a branched or chain structure is a A. saccharide. B. disaccharide. C. monosaccharide. D. polysaccharide. |
D. polysaccharide. |
A. saccharide. D. polysaccharide. |
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2.7. Carbohydrates may be as simple as the three-carbon molecule glycerol or as extremely complex as the polysaccharide cellulose. |
True |
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2.8. The building blocks for disaccharides and polysaccharides are glycerol and fatty acids. |
False |
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2.10. Fats and oils contain A. protein B. glycerol and fatty acids. C. sugar D. lactose |
B. glycerol and fatty acids. |
B. glycerol and fatty acids. C. sugar |
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2.11. Because lipids do not dissolve in water, they are A. hydrophilic. B. primordial. C. inorganic D. hydrophobic |
D. hydrophobic |
A. hydrophilic. D. hydrophobic |
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2.12. Microbes can help clean up environmental damage caused by pollution. |
True |
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2.13. A chain of linked amino acids used as a structural material or enzyme in living cells is a A. N-acetylmuramic acid. B. lactic acid. C. fatty acid. D. protein. |
D. protein. |
C. fatty acid. D. protein. |
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2.14. An organic acid containing one or more amino groups is A. a fatty acid. B. a protein acid. C. an amino acid. D. a nucleic acid. |
C. an amino acid. |
C. an amino acid. D. a nucleic acid. |
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2.15. The linkage between the amino group on one amino acid and the carboxyl group on another amino acid is A. an atomic bond. B. a peptide bond. C. a hydrogen bond. D. a protein bond. |
B. a peptide bond. |
B. a peptide bond. C. a hydrogen bond. |
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2.16. A process caused by heat or pH in which proteins lose their function due to changes in their molecular structure is A. hydrolysis. B. decarboxylation. C. denaturation. D. saturation. |
C. denaturation. |
B. decarboxylation. C. denaturation. |
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2.17. Which of the following can function as structural material and as enzymes? A. Fats B. DNA C. Proteins D. Carbohydrates |
C. Proteins |
C. Proteins D. Carbohydrates |
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2.18. What basic units are held together by peptide bonds? A. Fat B. Nucleic acid C. Protein D. Carbohydrate |
C. Protein |
B. Nucleic acid C. Protein |
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2.19. What is composed of chains of amino acids? A. Fat B. Nucleic acid C. Protein D. Carbohydrate |
C. Protein |
B. Nucleic acid C. Protein |
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2.20. What exists in primary, secondary, and tertiary structures? A. Fat B. Nucleic acid C. Protein D. Carbohydrate |
C. Protein |
C. Protein D. Carbohydrate |
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2.21. The tertiary structure of a protein forms when the protein folds back on itself like a telephone cord folded on a table. |
True |
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2.23. A protein is a repeating series of nucleotides that contain ribose or deoxyribose, but not both. |
False |
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2.24. What component of a nucleic acid consists of a carbohydrate molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base? A. Nucleotides B. Acid C. Disaccharide D. Peptide |
A. Nucleotides |
A. Nucleotides C. Disaccharide |
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2.25. A high-molecular-weight molecule that consists of nucleotide chains that convey genetic information is A. a carbohydrate. B. a lipid. C. an enzyme. D. a nucleic acid. |
D. a nucleic acid. |
C. an enzyme. D. a nucleic acid. |
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2.26. What is the structure of DNA in which the two complementary strands are connected by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases and wound in opposing spirals? A. Organic B. Double helix C. Primary structure D. Genetic code |
B. Double helix |
B. Double helix C. Primary structure |
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2.27. What can contain guanine, cytosine, uracil, and adenine? A. Fat B. Nucleic acid C. Protein D. Carbohydrate |
B. Nucleic acid |
B. Nucleic acid C. Protein |
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2.28. What can be denatured by heat? A. Fat B. Water C. Protein D. Carbohydrate |
C. Protein |
A. Fat C. Protein |
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4.1. Gregor Mendel used pea plants to test his ideas about inheritance. |
True |
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4.2. The Hershey-Chase experiments strengthened the idea that DNA directs the synthesis of both nucleic acid and protein. |
True |
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4.3. One nucleotide is distinguished from another by its phosphate groups. |
False |
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4.4 The only difference between DNA and RNA is the type of 5-carbon sugar found in each. |
False |
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4.5. Human endogenous retroviruses inserted their DNA into the human genome thousands or millions of years ago. |
True |
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4.6 In DNA, the bases adenine and guanine bond together while thymine and cytosine bond together. |
False |
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4.7. The genome code of any two people is 99% identical. |
True |
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4.8. Bacteria and humans have some of the same genes. |
True |
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4.9. There are 64 different amino acids coded by different three-base combinations on mRNA. |
False |
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4.10. The 3-dimensional structure of DNA was determined by A. using X-ray diffraction. B. injecting DNA into a microbe. C. examining DNA under a microscope. D. viewing the inherited traits. |
A. using X-ray diffraction. |
A. using X-ray diffraction. C. examining DNA under a microscope. |
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4.11. __________ binds to an operator gene to prevent mRNA synthesis. A. A repressor protein B. A structural gene C. A promoter D. An inducer |
A. A repressor protein |
A. A repressor protein C. A promoter |
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4.12. An entire DNA region encoding two or more genes for expressing a particular trait is the A. operator. B. promoter. C. operon. D. repressor. |
C. operon. |
B. promoter. C. operon. |
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4.13. Which activity involves the enzyme RNA polymerase? A. Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Recombination |
B. Transcription |
B. Transcription C. Translation |
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4.14. Which activity ends when the final codons dictate a stop signal? A. Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Regulation |
C. Translation |
B. Transcription C. Translation |
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4.15. Which activity involves the production of three different types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA? A. Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Recombination |
B. Transcription |
B. Transcription C. Translation |
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4.16. Which activity involves binding mRNA to one or more ribosomes? A. Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Regulation |
C. Translation |
B. Transcription C. Translation |
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4.17. Which activity involves the participation of a repressor protein? A. Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Regulation |
D. Regulation |
C. TranslationD. Regulation |
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4.18. Which activity was first proposed by Jacob and Monod? A. Replication B. Recombination C. Translation D. Regulation |
D. Regulation |
C. Translation D. Regulation |
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4.19. The work of Avery is significant because it a. showed that mutations could occur spontaneously. b. led to the discovery of restriction enzymes. c. introduced plasmids to genetic engineering. d. called attention to the involvement of DNA in heredity. |
d. called attention to the involvement of DNA in heredity. |
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4.20. The units of nucleic acid are known as a. amino acids b. nucleotides c. inducers. d. genomes. |
b. nucleotides |
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4.21. The mechanism of DNA replication was shown by Meselson and Stahl to be a. semiconservative. b. conservative. c. binary. d. fission. |
a. semiconservative. |
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4.22. Which activity synthesizes a complementary copy of DNA? a. Replication b. Transcription c. Translation d. Regulation |
a. Replication |
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4.23. The base sequence of a messenger RNA molecule that is complementary to a DNA code of CGTTAGA would be a. CTTTAGA. b. GCAAUCU. c. GCUUTCT. d. CGAAUGU. |
b. GCAAUCU. |
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4.24. In the operon, genes that code for enzymes are called a. structural genes. b. operator genes. c. repressor genes. d. inducer genes. |
a. structural genes. |
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4.25. The production of RNA using DNA as a template is known as a. transduction. b. transformation. c. translation. d. transcription. |
d. transcription. |
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4.26. How many common amino acids are in nature? a. 10 b. 20 c. 64 d. infinite number |
b. 20 |
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4.27. Which activity(ies) is(are) a semiconservative process? a. Regulation b. Replication c. Transcription d. Translation |
b. Replication |
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4.28. Most genomes sequenced belong to a. Archaea. b. Bacteria. c. Eukarya. d. Protists. |
b. Bacteria. |
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4.29. Genetic information is transcribed to a. messenger RNA. b. ribosomal RNA. c. RNA polymerase. d. transfer RNA. e. All of the above |
a. messenger RNA. |
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4.30. When DNA replicates, the DNA in the daughter cells have a. one original strand from the parent and one new strand. b. two new DNA strands identical to the parent cell. c. two new strands different from the parent cell. d. two original strands from the parent. |
a. one original strand from the parent and one new strand. |
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4.31. Oswald Avery proved that DNA passes on inherited traits by a. examining DNA under an electron microscope. b. experimenting with eye color and gender in fruit flies. c. injecting mice with two different types of pathogenic bacteria. d. showing that pure DNA transferred traits, unless it enzymatically damaged. |
d. showing that pure DNA transferred traits, unless it enzymatically damaged. |
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4.32. Which of the following statements concerning the Human Microbiome Project is not true? a. A disruption in the human microbiome may lead to the development of chronic diseases. b. The human gut contains large amounts of bacteria but very few bacterial species. c. The human microbiome is initiated before the time of birth. d. The human skin harbors a diverse population of bacterial species. |
b. The human gut contains large amounts of bacteria but very few bacterial species. |
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4.33. Which of the following options represents a complementary base pair found in DNA? a. A–T b. A–U c. C–T d. G–G |
a. A–T |
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4.34. According to the Human Genome Project, a human cell consists of approximately how many genes? a. 13,000 b. 23,000 c. 47,000 d. 123,000 |
b. 23,000 |
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4.35. An operon refers to a. a DNA segment that regulates structural gene expression. b. a protein that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing structural genes. c. a DNA sequence to which a repressor binds d. an RNA that binds to the DNA, preventing expression of structural genes. |
a. a DNA segment that regulates structural gene expression. |
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4.36. The experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase using a bacteriophage and E. coli showed that a. heat-killed viruses are capable of repairing themselves and causing infection. b. some types of viruses will not replicate in bacterial cells. c. viral DNA alone can direct the synthesis of both viral nucleic acids and viral proteins. d. viral protein, but not DNA, is necessary for producing more viruses. |
c. viral DNA alone can direct the synthesis of both viral nucleic acids and viral proteins. |
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4.37. The RNA that delivers amino acids to the ribosome for use in translation is called a. messenger RNA. b. ribosomal RNA. c. shuttle RNA. d. transfer RNA. |
d. transfer RNA. |
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