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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
enzyme that breaks down complex carbs into disaccharides and trisaccharides |
salivary amylase (mouth) |
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True or false: all intestinal enzymes require an alkaline pH |
True |
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enzyme of duodenum (small intestine) which has same functions as salivary amylase, which was deactivated by denaturation in stomach |
pancreatic alpha-amylase |
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enzymes at plasma membrane border which break disaccharides into simple sugars that are then absorbed. |
maltase, sucrase, and lactase |
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intestinal gas |
flatus |
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True or false: intestinal enzymes do not alter indigestible carbs such as cellulose (beans), so they arrive in colon intact. |
True |
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stimulated by insulin; transport of glucose in the cell dependent on presence of: |
carrier protein |
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preferred for catabolism over proteins and lipids because less important as structural components of cell and tissues |
carbohydrates (glucose) |
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6-carbon glucose molecule broken down into two 3-carbon molecule during glycolysis to provide needed energy |
pyruvate |
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first step in glucose catabolism |
glycolysis |
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anaerobic process that breaks down 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate through series of enzymatic steps |
glycolysis |
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primary energy source for cells |
glucose |
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reasons glucose primary energy source |
1) small, soluble molecule, easily distributed 2) provides ATP anaerobically through glycolysis 3) stored as glycogen, forms compact, insoluble granules 4) easily mobilized, breakdown (glycogenolysis) occurs quickly |
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preferred substrates for catabolism and ATP production under resting conditions |
carbohydrates |
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enzyme which attacks triglycerides, breaking them down into monoglycerides and fatty acids |
lingual lipase |
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pancreatic enzyme secreted following release of CCK when chyme reaches duodenum |
pancreatic lipase |
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break large lipid drops into tiny droplets during emulsification |
bile salts |
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provides better access for pancreatic lipase |
emulsification |
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small lipid-bile salt complexes |
micelles |
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lipid-protein complexes that contain insoluble lipids |
lipoproteins |
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lipoproteins coated with protein formed from combination of triglycerides and absorbed cholesterol, phospholipids, and other lipid-soluble materials |
chylomicrons |
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enzyme contained by capillary walls, which breaks down chylomicrons and releases fatty acids and monoglycerides |
lipoprotein lipase |