Merrill's Vol 1-Chapter 1-Preliminary Steps In Radiography

Front 1

Define Image Receptor

Back 1

A device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image.

Front 2

List four types of IRs used in radiology.

Back 2

Cassette with film
Image Plate
Direct Raiography
Fluroscopic

Front 3

Define Optical Density

Back 3

Degree of blackening

Front 4

Define Contrast

Back 4

Difference in densities

Front 5

Define Recorded Detail

Back 5

Ability to visualize small structures

Front 6

Define distortion

Back 6

Misrepresentation of the size and shape of an anatomic structure

Front 7

Define magnification

Back 7

Image is larger than the actual part

Front 8

What exposure factor controls contrast?

Back 8

KvP

Front 9

True or False. All radiographs yeild some degree of magnification.

Back 9

True

Front 10

Describe anatomic position.

Back 10

Upright
Facing forward
Palms out

Front 11

Describe how a PA chest film should be hung on the viewer.

Back 11

Like the patient was standing face to face with the viewer.

Front 12

Describe how lateral projection radiographs should be displayed.

Back 12

As the viewer sees the patient from the persepective of the x-ray tube. Display the radiograph so that the side of the patient closer to the IR during the procedure is also the side of the image closer to the viewbox.

Front 13

Describe how hand and foot radiographs should be displayed.

Back 13

With digits pointing up.

Front 14

Describe the two most comman ways that lateral decubitus radiographs are displayed.

Back 14

1) With patient in anatomic position

2) In the manner in which the IR was positioned when exposure was made.

Front 15

When the radiologist is unable to see the patient who is responsible for obtaining patient history?

Back 15

The radiographer

Front 16

What is the easiest and most convienient method to prevent the spread of microorganisms?

Back 16

Hand Washing

Front 17

According to the CDC, all human blood and body fluids should be treated as if they contain _______.

Back 17

Pathogenic Microorganisms

Front 18

What protective apparel should radiographers wear if the possibilty of touching blood exists?

Back 18

Gloves

Front 19

What procedure should be followed to properly dispose of hypodermic needles?

Back 19

Place them in a puncture proof container

Front 20

Define disinfectant.

Back 20

A chemical substance that kills pathogenic bacteria

Front 21

Define Antispetic.

Back 21

A chemical substance that inhibits the growth of pathogenic organisms without necessarily killing them.

Front 22

Define sterilization.

Back 22

The destruction of all microrganisms.

Front 23

Define Disinfection.

Back 23

The process of killing only pathogenic microorganisms.

Front 24

Which term--antispetic or disinfectant-classifies isopropyl alcohol?

Back 24

Antiseptic

Front 25

What information should be included in a procedures book that identifies each examination performed in the radiography department?

Back 25

An outline of each procedure, the number of staff required, duties of each member of the team, and a listing of required sterile and non sterile devices.

Front 26

List three ways that a patients colon may be cleansed for an abdominal exam.

Back 26

Limited diet, laxatives, enema

Front 27

Identify three types of muscular tissue and state the type of motion associated with each.

Back 27

Smooth-Involuntary
Cardiac-Involuntary
Striated-Voluntary

Front 28

The rythmic motion of smooth muscle structures is called_____.

Back 28

Peristalsis.

Front 29

What exposure factor is used to control involuntary motion?

Back 29

Exposure time

Front 30

What body system controls the movement of voluntary muscles?

Back 30

Central Nervous System

Front 31

Why is it necessary to ensure that and folds in cloth gowns are straightened out before making the radiographic exposure?

Back 31

To prevent confusing shadows.

Front 32

What devices are removed from the patient within the area of interest when the skull is examined?

Back 32

Dentures, Bridgework, earrings, eyeglasses, hairpins

Front 33

Before beginning a radiographic exam, what should the radiographer do to gain the cooperation of the coherent patient?

Back 33

Give an explanation of the procedure to be performed.

Front 34

What is the minimum number of personnel that should be used to transfer a helpless patient from a gurney to the radiographic table?

Back 34

Four

Front 35

What are the two phases of respiration?

Back 35

Inspiration and Expiration

Front 36

What respiration phase is requested when the goal is to expand lung fields to the maximum extent possible?

Back 36

Inhalation

Front 37

What respiration procedure provides for lung motion but not rib motion?

Back 37

Slow deep breathing

Front 38

What adjustment can be made by the radiographer to cpmpensate for an increase in OID?

Back 38

Increase SID

Front 39

List four reasons why it would be necessary to angle the central ray.

Back 39

To avoid the superimposition of overlying or underlying structures.

To avoid stacking a curved structure on itself.

To project through angeld joints.

To project through angeld structures without foreshortening, or elongation.

Front 40

How is contrast affected when the radiation beam is restricted to only the area under examination? Explain why!

Back 40

Radiographic contrast is increased because scatter is reduced, thereby producing a shorter scale of contrast.

Front 41

List three guidelines for determining when gonadal shielding should be used.

Back 41

When the gonads are in close proximity to the primary beam (5 cm.)

When the clinical objective of the examination is not compromised.

When the patient is of reproductive age.

Front 42

For computed radiography, what is the purpose of the imaging plate?

Back 42

The imaging plate contains special image-storage phospors that acquire the latent image for later processing into a digital format by computer technology.

Front 43

Which radiographic term refers to the degree of blackness between two adjacent areas?

Back 43

Contrast

Front 44

What factor controls shape distortion?

Back 44

Alignment

Front 45

How should a left lateral projection radiograph of the chest be displayed on a viewbox?

Back 45

So that the side of the patient closest to the IR during the procedure is the side of the image closer to the viewbox.

Front 46

How should a PA projection radiograph of the chest be displayed on the viewbox?

Back 46

As though the patient were standing in front of the viewer, with the patients right side nearer the viewers left side and the patients left side nearer the viewers right side.

Front 47

A PA projection of the hand should be displayed?

Back 47

From the perspective of the x-ray tube with fingers pointing upwards.

Front 48

Within the operating room, who should remove sterile items that are in the way of the radiographer?

Back 48

Circulating nurse

Front 49

What type of muscle tissue compromises skeletal muscle?

Back 49

Striated

Front 50

What tech procedure best reduces the possibilty of patient controlled motion?

Back 50

Give understandable instructions to the patient

Front 51

Which side marker placement rule applies when performing an AP oblique radiograph of the cervical spine?

Back 51

Mark the side closest to the IR

Front 52

Why should you collimate to the area of interest?

Back 52

Reduces scatter

Front 53

How is the radiographic image affected when the beam is restricted to the area under examination?

Back 53

Improved recorded detail, increased contrast

Front 54

For computed radiography, what is the purpose of using laser film?

Back 54

Prints a permanent image of the examined body part.