Medicine In Britain

Front 1

When was Hippocrates born?

Back 1

460 BC

Front 2

How many books did galen write?

Back 2

60

Front 3

What did galen develop

Back 3

Hippocrates idea of four humours into the theory of opposites

Front 4

What are the four humours

Back 4

Blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bike

Front 5

What is the theory of opposites

Back 5

The idea that you can balance ye humours: too hot - have cucumber

Too cold - eat some curry

Front 6

Which scientists where the churches homeboys

Back 6

Galen and hippocrates

Front 7

How where surgeons trained during the middle ages

Back 7

They where trained as apprentices, improving by practise and books on surgery

Front 8

Four facts about medieval hospitals

Back 8

Run my monks

Cared for the old and needy

Provided warmth, food and prayers

Rarely admitted the sick

Front 9

When did the back death arrive in England?

Back 9

1348

Front 10

What was the death rate or the back death

Back 10

Over 40% of the population

Front 11

List three symptoms of the black death

Back 11

Cough and fever

Multiple organ faliure

Buboes

Front 12

Four things that where blamed for the back death

Back 12

The Jews (oh how times have changed)

The planets aligning

Noxious has from the earth crust

And the good old wrath of God (that man has some serious anger issues)

Front 13

What percentage of middle ages hospitals cared for the sick

Back 13

10%

Front 14

How did people protect against the back death

Back 14

Gods punishment - they took their clothes of and started whipping themselves like something out of croppers search history

Bad air - they wore cool bird masks with herbs in them

Astrology **** - they prayed to god to stop the planets killing them... And we wonder why 40% of them dropped dead

Front 15

Three reasons why nothing happened in the middle ages

Back 15

The church basically controlled everything and where massive cocks when it came to the whole discovering new **** so we don't die as fast thing

Books where hand written so took ages to print and where really expensive

Enquiry was not encouraged: doctors just read galen and didn't do any autopsies and ****

Front 16

Learn this

Back 16

Front 17

Who the **** was Thomas Sydenham?

Back 17

Tough doctors needed to take a full history of patients health

Belived in allowing body to fight

Pescribed roast chicken to keep up strength

Made detailed notes on many diseases

Front 18

Richard wiseman

Back 18

Followed ideas of the four humours.

Firm believer in practising medicine rather than learning from books

Front 19

The church in the renaissance

Back 19

Still influencial, most people still believe in God and ****

Front 20

Renaissance attitudes

Back 20

Remained largely unchanged as discoveries did little to impact everyday lives, also nobody could read so these new books where a bit useless

Front 21

Renaissance treatments

Back 21

Purging and bleeding - all time favourite

Herbal remedies - passed down from mother to daughter, actually half worked cos they had **** like honey which killed bacteria

Tobacco used as all in one cure

Kings touch meant to cure you or some ****

Front 22

Vesalius

Back 22

Born in Brussels in 1514

Family of doctors

Performed dissections and mapped blood and nerves

Interested in anatomy

Book: fabric of the human body

Front 23

William Harvey

Back 23

Born in Kent

1615 first lecture

Dissected cold-blooded animals

Pushed rods down veins

Proved blood was a one way system

Proved heart pumped blood

Work published 1658

Front 24

What was the royal society?

Back 24

London 1645. Had weekly meetings to discuss science and ****.

Had its own labs and **** like microscopes. Published books and articles to spread discoveries

Front 25

Printing press

Back 25

Developed by Johaness Gutenberg in the 1450s

Made books cheaper and faster to make

Crucial development

Front 26

Vesalius

Back 26

Born in Brussels 1514

Interested in anatomy

Proved galen was wrong about anatomy

Book: the fabric of the human body

Front 27

Great plague 1665 - God ****

Back 27

People gave dick magical charms

Physicians tried bleeding/purging

Dried toads used

Put herbs over doorways

Front 28

Great plague 1665 - progressive ****

Back 28

Quarantine - red Cross painted on doors

Most people avoided contact with others

Coins dipped in vinegar

Front 29

Inoculation

Back 29

1721 lady Marty Wortley brought it from Turkey involves small amount of pathogen

Front 30

Discovery of microorganisms

Back 30

Made by Anthony von leenwehork late 1600s - invented the microscope and discovered everything had microorganisms on them, reported findings to Royal society

Front 31

Louis Pasteur

Back 31

Discovered that microorganisms where making alcohol go bad and growing in alcohol. Killed bacteria by boiling, discovered that beer, wine and kill also did this. Invented germ theory

Front 32

What's germ theory

Back 32

Theory that germs causes diseases

Front 33

Vaccination - pros

Back 33

Famous supporters - Thomas Jefferson championed idea, napoleon had all soldiers vaccinated

Significant decrease in deaths from small pox - smallpox now wiped out

Showed value of scientific method

Front 34

Vaccination - cons

Back 34

Vaccination voluntary until 1852 - 50 years after discovery. many deaths years continued untill decades after discovery

One off discovery - did not lead to new discoveries

Massive opposition - people didn't accept the evidence Jenner recorded, and less careful doctors sometimes killed their patients - people heard of these stories

Front 35

Robert Koch

Back 35

Proved bacteria causes anthrax by injecting a mouse with anthrax bacteria.

Developed better mediums for growing bacteria in

Koch was very good at staining bacteria

Front 36

Florence nightingale

Back 36

Reorganised army hospitals

Set up a nursing school

Used statistics to prove her point

Improved sanitation in hospitals

Improved ventilation

Indroduced washing of hands

Took 38 nurses to crimea

Front 37

Chloroform

Back 37

Discovered by James Simpson in 1847.

Used in childbirth - Queen Victoria used it for the birth of her 8th child

Made people vomit

Front 38

Laughing gass

Back 38

Discovered in 1799 by Sir humphry Davie

Did not make patients completely unconscious - did not fully solve problem

Front 39

Ether

Back 39

1846 John Collins Warren removed neck tumour using ether

Robert Liston used it during leg amputation

Irritated eyes and lungs, flammable, smelt awful

Front 40

Problems in cities

Back 40

Factories polluted air and rivers

Poor water supplies

Cheap housing - poor ventilation, overcrowded

Front 41

Edwin Chadwick

Back 41

Worked to improve living standards of the poor

Report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population

£18 million borrowed for improvements, 50 councils appointed medical officers of health

Front 42

Cholera

Back 42

Regular epidemics. 1848 & 1854 major epidemics

1832 - studies linked cholera and water - 13 years before pastuer.

Front 43

John snow

Back 43

Searched for patten of behaviour in victims

House to house enquiries

Listed water pumps people used

Found links to broad street pump.

Methods still used today

Front 44

DNA discovery - factors

Back 44

Money - science is expensive

Teamwork - Rosalind, Watson and crick

Front 45

Pencillin

Back 45

Made by pencillium mould

Discovered by Alexander Flemming

First antibiotic

Developed and used during ww2

Front 46

Prontosil

Back 46

Poisoned and kills bacteria

Found by Gerhardt Domagk in 1932

Active ingredient sulphamade - used for cures for pneumonia, gonorrhea, scarlet fever

Front 47

Rowntree

Back 47

Investigated poverty in York

Quarter if population in poverty even though they had jobs

Increased wages, encouraged government to do the same

Front 48

Liberal government - 1906 - 1914

Back 48

Provided free meals for children 1906

Pension paid to people over 70 1908

Back to back housing banned 1909

National insurance set up 1911

Free medical treatment in schools 1912