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468 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
agglutin/o
|
clumping
|
|
chrom/o
|
color
|
|
coagul/o
|
clotting
|
|
erythr/o
|
red
|
|
fibrin/o
|
fibers, fibrous
|
|
granul/o
|
granules
|
|
hem/o
|
blood
|
|
hemat/o
|
blood
|
|
leuk/o
|
white
|
|
morph/o
|
shape
|
|
myel/o
|
bone marrow
|
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phag/o
|
eat, swallow
|
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sanguin/o
|
blood
|
|
thromb/o
|
clot
|
|
-apheresis
|
removal, carry away
|
|
-cyte
|
cell
|
|
-cytosis
|
more than the normal number of cells
|
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-emia
|
blood condition
|
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-globin
|
protein
|
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-penia
|
abnormal decrease, too few
|
|
-poiesis
|
formation
|
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-stasis
|
standing still
|
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Cells that contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing pigment that binds oxygen in order to transport it to the cells of the body.
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Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBC)
|
|
The solid, cellular portion of blood. It consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
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Formed Elements
|
|
The process of forming blood.
|
Hematopoiesis
|
|
A group of several different types of cells that provide protection against the invasion of bacteria and other foreign material. They are able to leave the bloodstream and search out the foreign invaders (bacteria, virus, and toxins), where they perform phagocytosis.
|
Leukocytes or White Blood Cells (WBC)
|
|
The liquid portion of blood containing 90% water. There remaining 10% consists of plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin), inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, and sodium), organic components (glucose, amino acids, cholesterol), and waste products (urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine).
|
Plasma
|
|
Cells responsible for the coagulation of blood. These are also called thrombocytes and contain no hemoglobin.
|
Platelets
|
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A protein that is normally found circulating in the bloodstream. It is abnormal this to be in the urine.
|
Albumin
|
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An organic substance found in plasma. It is used by cells to build proteins.
|
Amino Acids
|
|
An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones, muscles, and nerves.
|
Calcium
|
|
A waste product of muscle metabolism.
|
Creatinine
|
|
Lipid molecules transported throughout the body dissolved in the blood.
|
Fats
|
|
Blood protein that is essential for clotting to take place.
|
Fibrinogen
|
|
Protein component of blood containing antibodies that help to resist infection.
|
Gamma Globulin
|
|
One type of protein found dissolved in the plasma.
|
Globulins
|
|
The form of sugar used by the cells of the body to make energy. It is transported to the cells in the blood.
|
Glucose
|
|
Proteins that are found in plasma. Includes serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.
|
Plasma Proteins
|
|
An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones and muscles.
|
Potassium
|
|
Clear sticky fluid that remains after the blood has clotted.
|
Serum
|
|
An inorganic substance found in plasma.
|
Sodium
|
|
A waste product of protein metabolism. It diffuses through the tissues in lymph and is returned to the circulatory system for transport to the kidneys.
|
Urea
|
|
Waste product produced from destruction of worn-out red blood cells; disposed of by the liver.
|
Bilirubin
|
|
The loss of a cell's nucleus.
|
Enucleated
|
|
Iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissue.
|
Hemoglobin (Hg)
|
|
Nongranular leukocyte. This is one of the two types of leukocytes found in plasma that are classified as either monocytes or lymphocytes.
|
Agranulocyte
|
|
A granulocyte white blood cell that releases histamine and heparin in damaged tissues.
|
Basophils
|
|
A granulocyte white blood cell that destroy parasites and increases during allergic reactions.
|
Eosinophils
|
|
Granular polymorphonuclear leukocyte. There are three types: neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil.
|
Granulocytes
|
|
An agranulocyte white blood cell that provides protection through the immune response.
|
Lymphocytes
|
|
An agranulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis.
|
Monocytes
|
|
A granulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis. It is also the most numerous of the leukocytes.
|
Neutrophils
|
|
Disease-bearing organisms.
|
Pathogens
|
|
Neutrophil component of the blood; has the ability to ingest and destory bacteria.
|
Phagocyte
|
|
The process of engulfing or ingesting material. Several types of white blood cells function by engulfing bacteria.
|
Phagocytosis
|
|
Clumping together to form small clusters. Platelets do this to start the clotting process.
|
Agglutinate
|
|
Whitish protein formed by the action of thrombin and fibrinogen, which is the basis for the clotting of blood.
|
Fibrin
|
|
To stop bleeding or the stagnation of the circulating blood.
|
Hemostasis
|
|
Protein element within the blood that interacts with calcium salts to form thrombin.
|
Prothrombin
|
|
A clotting enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
|
Thrombin
|
|
Also called platelets. Platelets play a critical part in the blood-clotting process by agglutinating into small clusters and releasing thrombokinase.
|
Thrombocytes
|
|
Substance released by platelets; reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin.
|
Thromboplastin
|
|
The major system of blood typing.
|
ABO System
|
|
The blood of one person is different from another's due to the presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. The major method of this is the ABO system and includes types A, B, O, and AB. The other major type is the Rh factor, consisting of the two types, Rh+ and Rh-.
|
Blood Typing
|
|
An antigen marker found on erythrocytes of persons with Rh+ blood.
|
Rh factor
|
|
One of the ABO blood types. A person with this type blood makes anti-B antibodies.
|
Type A
|
|
One of the ABO blood types. This blood type does not make antibodies against either A nor B blood.
|
Type AB
|
|
One of the ABO blood types. A person with this blood type will make anti-A antibodies.
|
Type B
|
|
One of the ABO blood types. A person with no markers on his or her RBCs. This blood type will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Therefore, it is considered the universal donor.
|
Type O
|
|
Type O blood is this. It has no markers on the RBC surface, it will not trigger a reaction with anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
|
Universal Donor
|
|
A person with type AB blood has no antibodies against the other blood types and therefore, in an emergency, can receive any type of blood.
|
Universal Recipient
|
|
This person's RBCs do not have the Rh marker and will make antibodies against Rh+ blood.
|
Rh-Negative
|
|
This person's RBCs have the Rh marker.
|
Rh-Positive
|
|
Lab test performed before a person receives a blood transfusion; double checks the blood type of both the donor's and recipient's blood.
|
Type and Crossmatch
|
|
-algia
|
pain
|
|
-cele
|
hernia, protrusion
|
|
-cise
|
cut
|
|
-dynia
|
pain
|
|
-ectasis
|
dilatation
|
|
-ectopia
|
displacement
|
|
-gen
|
that which produces
|
|
-genesis
|
produces, generates
|
|
-genic
|
producing
|
|
-ia
|
state, condition
|
|
-iasis
|
abnormal condition
|
|
-ism
|
state of
|
|
-itis
|
inflammation
|
|
-logist
|
one who studies
|
|
-logy
|
study of
|
|
-lysis
|
destruction
|
|
-malacia
|
abnormal softening
|
|
-megaly
|
enlargement, large
|
|
-oma
|
tumor, mass
|
|
-osis
|
abnormal condition
|
|
-pathy
|
disease
|
|
-plasia
|
development, growth
|
|
-plasm
|
formation, development
|
|
-ptosis
|
drooping
|
|
-rrhage
|
excessive, abnormal flow
|
|
-rrhea
|
discharge, flow
|
|
-rrhexis
|
rupture
|
|
-sclerosis
|
hardening
|
|
-stenosis
|
narrowing
|
|
-therapy
|
treatment
|
|
-trophy
|
nourishment, development
|
|
-uria
|
condition of the urine
|
|
Pertaining to
|
-ac
-al -an -ar -ary -eal -iac -ic -ical -ile -ior -ory -ose -ous -tic |
|
The hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the end result of hemostasis or the blood-clotting process.
|
Blood Clot
|
|
When a liquid is converted to a gel or a solid, as in blood coagulation.
|
Coagulate
|
|
A general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood.
|
Dyscrasia
|
|
The process of forming erythrocytes in the red bone marrow.
|
Erythropoiesis
|
|
A physisican who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the blood.
|
Hematologist
|
|
The collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. Commonly referred to as a bruise.
|
Hematoma
|
|
To stop bleeding or the stagnation of blood flow through the tissues.
|
Hemostasis
|
|
A transfusion of only the formed elements and without plasma.
|
Packed Cells
|
|
Refers to the mixture of both plasma and formed elements.
|
Whole Blood
|
|
A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues.
|
Anemia
|
|
Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow. Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements. Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant.
|
Aplastic Anemia
|
|
Condition in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' blood and cause anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. ALSO CALLED HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN.
|
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
|
|
An anemia that develops as the result of the excessive loss of erythrocytes.
|
Hemolytic Anemia
|
|
-centesis
|
puncture to withdraw fluid
|
|
-ectomy
|
surgical removal
|
|
-ostomy
|
surgically create an opening
|
|
-otomy
|
cutting into
|
|
-pexy
|
surgical fixation
|
|
-plasty
|
surgical repair
|
|
-rrhaphy
|
suture
|
|
-gram
|
record or picture
|
|
-graph
|
instrument for recording
|
|
-graphy
|
process of recording
|
|
-meter
|
intrument for measuring
|
|
-metry
|
process of measuring
|
|
-scope
|
instrument for viewing
|
|
-scopy
|
process of visually examining
|
|
a-
|
without, away from
|
|
an-
|
without
|
|
ante-
|
before, in front of
|
|
anti-
|
against
|
|
auto-
|
self
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
|
dys-
|
painful, difficult
|
|
endo-
|
within, inner
|
|
epi-
|
upon, over
|
|
eu-
|
normal, good
|
|
hetero-
|
different
|
|
homo-
|
same
|
|
hydro-
|
water
|
|
hyper-
|
over, above
|
|
hypo-
|
under, below
|
|
infra-
|
under, beneath, below
|
|
inter-
|
among, between
|
|
intra-
|
within, inside
|
|
macro-
|
large
|
|
micro-
|
small
|
|
neo-
|
new
|
|
pan-
|
all
|
|
para-
|
beside, beyond, near
|
|
per-
|
through
|
|
peri-
|
around
|
|
post-
|
after
|
|
pre-
|
before, in front of
|
|
pseudo-
|
false
|
|
retro-
|
backward, behind
|
|
sub-
|
below, under
|
|
super-
|
above, excess
|
|
supra-
|
above
|
|
tachy-
|
rapid, fast
|
|
trans-
|
through, across
|
|
ultra-
|
beyond, excess
|
|
bi-
|
two
|
|
di-
|
two
|
|
hemi-
|
half
|
|
mono-
|
one
|
|
multi-
|
many
|
|
nulli-
|
none
|
|
poly-
|
many
|
|
quad-
|
four
|
|
semi-
|
partial, half
|
|
tri-
|
three
|
|
uni-
|
one
|
|
Condition that may develop during pregnancy if the mother is Rh-negative, in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' bloodstream, damaging fetal blood cells. Results in anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Also called erythroblastosis fetalis.
|
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
|
|
Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged. It is transmitted by a sex-linked trait from females to males. It appears almost exclusively in males.
|
Hemophilia
|
|
Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream. A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
|
Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes.
|
Hypochromic Anemia
|
|
Anemia that results from having insufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin.
|
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
|
|
Cancer of the WBC-forming red bone marrow; results in a large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in the blood.
|
Leukemia
|
|
Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin B12 by the digestive system. Vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte production.
|
Pernicious Anemia
|
|
Production of too many RBCs by the bone marrow. Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels.
|
Polycythemia Vera
|
|
Having bacteria in the bloodstream. Commonly referred to as blood poisoning.
|
Septicemia
|
|
A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolytic anemia.
|
Sickle Cell Anemia
|
|
A genetic disorder in which the person is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.
|
Thalassemia
|
|
AHF
|
antihemophilic factor
|
|
ALL
|
acute lymphocytic leukemia
|
|
AML
|
acute myelogenous leukemia
|
|
basos
|
basophils
|
|
BMT
|
bone marrow transplant
|
|
CBC
|
complete blood count
|
|
CLL
|
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
|
|
CML
|
chronic myelogenous leukemia
|
|
diff
|
differential
|
|
eosins, eos
|
eosinophils
|
|
ESR, SR, sed rate
|
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|
|
HCT, Hct, crit
|
hematocrit
|
|
HDN
|
hemolytic disease of the newborn
|
|
Hgb, Hb, HGB
|
hemoglobin
|
|
lymphs
|
lymphocytes
|
|
MCV
|
mean corpuscular volume
|
|
monos
|
monocytes
|
|
PA
|
pernicious anemia
|
|
PCV
|
packed cell volume
|
|
PMN, polys
|
polymorphonuclear neutrophil
|
|
PT, pro-time
|
prothrombin time
|
|
RBC
|
red blood cell
|
|
Rh+
|
Rh-positive
|
|
Rh-
|
Rh-negative
|
|
SMAC
|
sequential multiple analyzer computer
|
|
WBC
|
white blood cell
|
|
Test to measure the amount of time it takes for blood to coagulate.
|
Bleeding Time
|
|
Sample of blood is incubated in the laboratory to check for bacterial growth. If bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine which antibiotics they are sensitive to.
|
Blood Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
|
|
Sample of bone marrow is removed by aspiration with a needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia.
|
Bone Marrow Aspiration
|
|
Blood test that consists of five tests: red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cell differential.
|
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
|
|
Blood test to determine the rate at which mature blood cells settle out of the blood after the addition of an anticoagulant. This is an indicator of the presence of an inflammatory disease.
|
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
|
|
Blood test to measure the volume of red blood cells within the total volume of blood.
|
Hematocrit (HCT,Hct,crit)
|
|
Incision into a vein in order to remove blood for a diagnostic test. Also called venipuncture.
|
Phlebotomy
|
|
Blood test to determine the number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
|
Platelet Count
|
|
A measure of the blood's coagulation abilities by measuring how long it takes for a clot to form after prothrombin has been activated.
|
Prothrombin Time (Pro time, PT)
|
|
Blood test to determine the number of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.
|
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
|
|
Examination of a specimen of blood for abnormalities in the shape (morphology) of the erythrocytes. Used to determine diseases like sickle cell anemia.
|
Red Blood Cell Morphology
|
|
Machine for doing multiple blood chemistry tests automatically.
|
Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer (SMAC)
|
|
Blood test to measure the number of leukocytes in a volume of blood.
|
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
|
|
Blood test to determine the number of each variety of leukocytes.
|
White Blood Cell Differential (diff)
|
|
Procedure for collecting and storing a patient's own blood several weeks prior to the actual need. It can be used to replace blood lost during a surgical procedure.
|
Autologous Transfusion
|
|
Artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream.
|
Blood Transfusion
|
|
Patient receives red bone marrow from a donor after the patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy.
|
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
|
|
Replacement of blood by transfusion of blood received from another person.
|
Homologous Transfusion
|
|
Method of removing plasma from the body without depleting the formed elements. Whole blood is removed and the cells and plasma are separated. The cells are returned to the patient along with a donor plasma transfusion.
|
Plasmapheresis
|
|
Prevents blood clot formation.
|
Anticoagulant
|
|
Substance that prevents or stops hemorrhaging; a hemostatic agent.
|
Antihemorrhagic
|
|
Interferes with the action of platelets. Prolongs bleeding time. Commonly referred to as blood thinners.
|
Antiplatelet
|
|
Substance that increases the number of erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
|
Hematinic
|
|
Stops the flow of blood; an antihemorrhagic.
|
Hemostatic
|
|
Able to dissolve existing blood clots.
|
Thrombolytic
|
|
aden/o
|
gland
|
|
adenoid/o
|
adenoids
|
|
immun/o
|
protection
|
|
lymph/o
|
lymph
|
|
lymphaden/o
|
lymph node
|
|
lymphangi/o
|
lymph vessel
|
|
splen/o
|
spleen
|
|
thym/o
|
thymus
|
|
tonsill/o
|
tonsils
|
|
tox/o
|
poison
|
|
-globulin
|
protein
|
|
-phage
|
eat, swallow
|
|
lymphangi/o
|
lymph vessel
|
|
splen/o
|
spleen
|
|
thym/o
|
thymus
|
|
tonsill/o
|
tonsils
|
|
tox/o
|
poison
|
|
-globulin
|
protein
|
|
-phage
|
eat, swallow
|
|
Clear, transparent, colorless fluid found in the lymphatic vessels and teh cisterna chyli.
|
Lymph
|
|
Small organs in the lymphatic system that filter bacteria and other foreign organisms from the body fluids.
|
Lymph Nodes
|
|
Extensive network of vessels throughout the entire body; conduct lymph from the tissue toward the thoracic cavity.
|
Lymphatic Vessels
|
|
Organ in the lymphatic system that filters microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood.
|
Spleen
|
|
An endocrine gland located in the upper mediastinum that assists the body with the immune function and the development of antibodies. As part of the immune response it secretes a hormone, thymosin, that changes lymphocytes to T cells.
|
Thymus Gland
|
|
The collections of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose or mouth.
|
Tonsils
|
|
The smallest lymph vessels; they collect excessive tissue fluid.
|
Lymph Capillaries
|
|
The two largest vessels in the lymphatic system, the lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct.
|
Lymph Ducts
|
|
One of the two lymphatic ducts. It drains right arm and the right side of the neck and chest; empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.
|
Right Lymphatic Duct
|
|
The largest lymph vessel. It drains the entire body except for the right arm, chest wall, and both lungs. It empties lymph into the left subclavian vein.
|
Thoracic Duct
|
|
A flap-like structure found within the tubular organs such as lymph vessels, veins, and the heart. They function to prevent the backflow of fluid.
|
Valves
|
|
Commonly referred to as the armpit. There is a collection of lymph nodes in this area that drains each arm.
|
Axillary
|
|
Pertaining to the neck.
|
Cervical
|
|
Commonly referred to as the groin. There is a collection of lymph nodes in this region that drain each leg.
|
Inguinal
|
|
Another name for lymph nodes; small organs composed of lymphatic tissue located along the route of the lymphatic vessels; remove impurities from the lymph and manufacture lymphocytes and antibodies.
|
Lymph Glands
|
|
There is a collection of lymph nodes located in the central chest area that drain the chest.
|
Mediastinal
|
|
When cancerous cells migrate away from a tumor site.
|
Metastasized
|
|
Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
|
Adenoids
|
|
Tonsils located on the very posterior section of the tongue as it joins with the pharynx.
|
Lingual Tonsils
|
|
Tonsils located in the lateral wall of the pharynx close to the mouth.
|
Palatine Tonsils
|
|
Another term for adenoids. These are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
|
Pharyngeal Tonsils
|
|
Medical term for throat. The passageway that conducts air from the nasal cavity to the trachea, and also carries food and drink from the mouth to the esophagus. It is divided into three sections: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
|
Pharynx
|
|
Spread-out blood vessels within the spleen that result in slow-moving blood flow.
|
Blood Sinuses
|
|
Phagocytic cells that are found in large quantities in the lymph nodes. They engulf foreign particles.
|
Macrophage
|
|
A lymphocyte active in cellular immunity.
|
T Cells
|
|
A type of lymphocyte involved with producing cells that physically attack and destroy pathogens.
|
T Lymphocytes
|
|
Hormone secreted by thymus gland. It causes lymphocytes to change into T-Lymphocytes.
|
Thymosin
|
|
The protective response of the body to a specific pathogen.
|
Acquired Immunity
|
|
Immunity developing after direct exposure to a pathogen.
|
Active Acquired Immunity
|
|
Primitive, single-celled microorganisms that are present everywhere. Some are capable of causing disease in humans.
|
Bacteria
|
|
Malignant growths in the body.
|
Cancerous Tumor
|
|
Some of these organisms are capable of causing disease in humans, such as yeast infections or histoplasmosis.
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Fungi
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Ability of lymphocytes to respond to specific antigens.
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Immune Response
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The body's ability to defend itself against pathogens.
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Immunity
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Providing protection against communicable diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease. Also called vaccinations.
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Immunizations
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Immunity that is not specific to a disease and does not require prior exposure to the pathogen. Also called innate immunity.
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Natural Immunity
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Immunity that results when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal. This may take the form of maternal antibodies crossing the placenta to a baby or an antitoxin injection.
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Passive Acquired Immunity
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Single-celled organisms that can infect the body.
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Protozoans
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Substances poisonous to the body. Many are filtered out of the blood by the kidney.
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Toxins
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Providing protection against communicable diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease. Also called immunization.
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Vaccination
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A group of infectious particles that can cause disease.
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Viruses
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Protein material produced in the body as a response to the invasion of a foreign substance.
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Antibody
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The production of antibodies by B cells in response to an antigen.
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Antibody-Mediated Immunity or Humoral Immunity
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Combination of the antigen with its specific antibody to increase susceptibility to phagocytosis and immunity.
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Antigen-Antibody Reaction
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Substance that is capable of inducing the formation of an antibody.
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Antigen
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Common name for B Lymphocytes, responds to foreign antigens by producing protective antibodies.
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B Cells
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The humoral immunity cells, which respond to foreign antigens by producing protective antibodies.
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B Lymphocytes
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Immunity that results from the activation of sensitized T lymphocytes. The immune response causes antigens to be destroyed by the direct action of cells. Also called cellular immunity.
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Cell-Mediated Immunity
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This process results in the production of T cells and natural killer, NK, cells that directly attach to foreign cells. This immune response fights invasion by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and cancer. Also called cell-mediated immunity.
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Cellular Immunity
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Pertaining to poisoning cells.
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Cytotoxic
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T cells that can kill by entrapping foreign cells, tumor cells, and bacteria. Also called T8 cells.
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Natural Killer (NK) Cells
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Occurs when a person, either a patient or health care worker, acquires a pathogen from another patient or health care worker.
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Cross-Infection
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An infection acquired as a result of hospital exposure.
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Nosocomial Infection
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Federal agency that issued mandatory guidelines to ensure that all employees at risk of exposure to body fluids are provided with personal protective equipment.
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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An infection that occurs when a person becomes infected again with the same pathogen that originally brought him or her to the hospital.
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Reinfection
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Infection that occurs when a person becomes infected in a different part of the body by a pathogen from another part of his or her own body, such as intestinal bacteria spreading to the urethra.
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Self-innoculation
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An antigen that causes an allergic reaction.
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Allergen
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A physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies.
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Allergist
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Hypersensitivity to a common substance in the environment or to a medication.
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Allergy
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Severe, potentially life-threatening, allergic reaction to an antigen.
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Anaphylaxis
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Abnormal
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Atypical
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A disease that results from the body's immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens.
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Autoimmune Disease
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Virus that is believed to be the cause of infectious mononucleosis.
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Epstein-Barr Virus
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Appearance of wheals as part of an allergic reaction.
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Hives
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Virus that causes AIDS; also known as a retrovirus.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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Having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens.
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Immunocompromised
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Antibodies secreted by the B cells. They assist in protecting the body and its surfaces from the invasion of bacteria.
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Immunoglobulins
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A physician who specializes in treating infectious disease and other disorders of the immune system.
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Immunologist
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The tissues responses to injury from pathogens or physical agents. Characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch.
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Inflammation
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Edema appearing in the extremities due to an obstruction of the lymph flow through the lymphatic vessels.
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Lymphedema
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Infectious diseases that are associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and therefore a lowered resistance to infections and parasits. May be the results of HIV infection.
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Opportunisitic Infections
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|
Virus, such as HIV, in which the virus copies itself using the host's DNA.
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Retrovirus
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The severe itching associated with hives, usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions.
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Urticaria
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|
Disease that involves a defect in the cell-mediated immunity system. A syndrome of opportunistic infections that occur in the final stages of infection with the HIV. This virus attacks the T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, which reduces the person's ability to fight infection.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
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Early stage of AIDS. There is a positive test for the virus but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia.
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AIDS-related complex (ARC)
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Life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction.
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Anaphylactic
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Inflammation, obstruction, and destruction of the lymph vessels that result in enlarged tissues due to edema.
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Elephantiasis
|
|
Serious complication of bone marrow transplant(graft). Immune cells from the donor bone marrow attack the recipient's (host's) tissues.
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graft vs. host disease (GVHD)
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Cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in the lymph nodes.
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Hodgkin's disease (also called Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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|
Form of skin cancer frequently seen in patients with AIDS. It consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.
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Kaposi's sarcoma
|
|
Inflammation of the lymph nodes. Referred to as swollen glands.
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Lymphadenitis
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Cancerous tumor of the lymphatic tissue.
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Malignant Lymphoma
|
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Acute infectious disease with a large number of atypical lymphocytes. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Abnormal liver function may occur.
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Mononucleosis
|
|
Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
|
|
Infection of the tissues between the tonsils and the pharynx. Also called a quinsy sore throat.
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Peritonsillar abscess
|
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Pneumonia common in AIDS patients that is caused by infection with an opportunistic parasite.
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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
|
Disease of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions.
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Sarcoidosis
|
|
Disease seen in children born with a nonfunctioning immune system.
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDS)
|
|
A blood test for an antibody to the AIDS virus.
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ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
|
|
X-ray taken of the lymph vessels after the injection of dye into the foot. The lymph flow through the chest is traced.
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Lymphangiography
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|
Test for infectious mononucleosis.
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Monospot
|
|
Form of allergy testing in which the body is exposed to an allergen through a light scratch in the skin.
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Scratch Test
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Test used as a backup to the ELISA blood test to detect the presence of the antibody to HIV in the blood.
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Western blot
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|
Giving a patient an injection of immunoglobulins or antibodies in order to treat a disease.
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Immunotherapy
|
|
Excision of a lymph node.
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Lymphadenectomy
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|
Blocks the effects of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergic reaction.
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Antihistamine
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|
Reduces the body's inflammatory reaction.
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Anti-inflammatory
|
|
Weakens a viral infection in the body.
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Antiviral
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A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties.
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Corticosteroids
|
|
Blocks certain actions of the immune sytem. Required to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ.
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Immunosuppressants
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|
Produces contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the arteries.
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Vasoconstrictors
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|
AIDS
|
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
|
|
ARC
|
AIDS-related complex
|
|
CD4
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type of T cell affected by HIV infection
|
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EBV
|
Epstein-Barr Virus
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|
ELISA
|
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
|
|
GVHD
|
graft vs. host disease
|
|
HD
|
Hodgkin's disease
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|
HIV
|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
|
|
Ig
|
immunoglobulins (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)
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KS
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
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lymphs
|
lymphocyte
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|
mono
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mononucleosis
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NHL
|
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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NK
|
Natural Killer cells
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PCP
|
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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SCIDS
|
severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
|
|
adenoid/o
|
adenoids
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alveol/o
|
alveolus; air sac
|
|
anthrac/o
|
coal
|
|
atel/o
|
incomplete
|
|
bronch/o
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bronchus
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|
bronchiol/o
|
bronchiole
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|
coni/o
|
dust
|
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diaphragmat/o
|
diaphragm
|
|
epiglott/o
|
epiglottis
|
|
laryng/o
|
larynx
|
|
lob/o
|
lobe
|
|
nas/o
|
nose
|
|
orth/o
|
straight, upright
|
|
ox/o
|
oxygen
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|
pharyng/o
|
pharynx
|
|
pleur/o
|
pleura
|
|
pneum/o
|
lung, air
|
|
pneumon/o
|
lung, air
|
|
pulmon/o
|
lung
|
|
rhin/o
|
nose
|
|
sinus/o
|
sinus, cavity
|
|
spir/o
|
breathing
|
|
steth/o
|
chest
|
|
tonsill/o
|
tonsils
|
|
trache/o
|
trachea, windpipe
|
|
thorac/o
|
chest
|
|
-capnia
|
carbon dioxide
|
|
-ectasis
|
dilated, expansion
|
|
-osmia
|
smell
|
|
-phonia
|
voice
|
|
-pnea
|
breathing
|
|
-ptysis
|
spitting
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-thorax
|
chest
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|
Flow of air into the lungs.
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Inhalation or inspiration
|
|
Flow of air out of the lungs.
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Exhalation or expiration
|
|
Very small hairs that line the opening of the nose as well as most of the airways.
|
Cilia
|
|
Lack of carbon dioxide
|
Acapnia
|
|
Excision of adenoids
|
Adenoidectomy
|
|
Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in teh nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
|
Adenoids
|
|
Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia.
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Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
|
|
They tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. Gas exchange takes place here.
|
Alveoli
|
|
Loss of the sense of smell.
|
Anosmia
|
|
Lack of oxygen.
|
Anoxia
|
|
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung. Also called black lung or miner's lung.
|
Anthracosis
|
|
Destroys or prohibits the growth of microorganisms.
|
Antibiotic
|
|
Acts to control allergic symptoms by counteracting histamine.
|
Antihistamine
|
|
Controls or relieves coughing.
|
Antitussive
|
|
Directional term meaning tip or summit.
|
Apex
|
|
No voice.
|
Aphonia
|
|
The condition of not breathing.
|
Apnea
|
|
Lab test that measures the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in the blood, and the pH.
|
Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)
|
|
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs; may lead to the development of lung cancer.
|
Asbestosis
|
|
Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected soon.
|
Asphyxia
|
|
Disease caused by various conditions, such as allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways and labored respirations.
|
Asthma
|
|
Condition in which lung tissue collapses, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
|
Atelectasis
|
|
Another name for the eustachian tube connecting the middle ear and pharynx.
|
Auditory Tube
|
|
Listening to the sounds within the body by using a stethoscope.
|
Auscultation
|
|
Directional term meaning bottom or lower part.
|
Base
|
|
Slow breathing
|
Bradypnea
|
|
An organ of the respiratory system that carries air into each lung.
|
Bronchial tubes
|
|
Results from a dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi that can be the result of infection. A major symptom is a large amount of purulent (pus-filled) sputum.
|
Bronchiectasis
|
|
The narrowest air tubes in the lungs.
|
Bronchioles
|
|
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that often occurs after other childhood infections such as measles.
|
Bronchitis
|
|
Dilates or opens the bronchi to improve breathing.
|
Bronchodilator
|
|
Malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi. Usually associated with smoking.
|
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
|
|
An x-ray record of the lungs and bronchial tubes.
|
Bronchogram
|
|
Process of taking an x-ray of the lung after a radiopaque substance has been placed into the trachea or bronchial tree.
|
Bronchography
|
|
Surgical repair of a bronchial defect.
|
Bronchoplasty
|
|
An instrument to view inside the bronchus.
|
Bronchoscope
|
|
Using the bronchoscope to visualize the bronchi.
|
Bronchoscopy
|
|
An involuntary muscle spasm in the bronchi.
|
Bronchospasm
|
|
The distal end of the trachea splits into a left and right main bronchi as it enters each lung.
|
Bronchus
|
|
A waste product of cellular energy production. It is removed from the cells by the blood and eliminated from the body by the lungs.
|
Carbon dioxide
|
|
Taking a radiographic picture of the lungs and heart from the back and sides.
|
Chest X-Ray
|
|
Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10 to 60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing.
|
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
|
|
The amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing.
|
Tidal Volume (TV)
|
|
The air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration. Also called complemental air.
|
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
|
|
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration. Also called supplemental air.
|
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
|
|
The air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation.
|
Residual Volume (RV)
|
|
The volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale.
|
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
|
|
The air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation.
|
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
|
|
The total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.
|
Vital Capacity (VC)
|
|
The volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation.
|
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
|
|
Placing a tube through the mouth, through the glottis, and into the trachea to create a patent airway.
|
Endotracheal Intubation
|
|
Nosebleed
|
Epistaxis
|
|
Coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum.
|
Hemoptysis
|
|
To breathe both fast(tachypnea) and deep(hyperpnea).
|
Hyperventilation
|
|
To breathe slow(bradypnea) and shallow(hypopnea).
|
Hypoventilation
|
|
A physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of internal organs.
|
Internist
|
|
Two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen into the nose; one prong is inserted into each nares.
|
Nasal Canula
|