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327 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cardi |
Heart |
|
Cephal |
Head |
|
Gastr |
Stomach |
|
Cyt |
Cell |
|
Dent |
Tooth |
|
Derma |
Skin |
|
Pancreat |
Pancreas |
|
Arth |
Joint |
|
Thorac |
Chest
|
|
Mast |
Breast |
|
Therm |
Heat |
|
Muscul |
Muscle |
|
Hemat |
Blood |
|
Oste |
Bone |
|
Leuk |
White |
|
Insulin |
Insulin |
|
Adipo |
Fatty |
|
Icthy |
Fish, scaly |
|
Kerato |
Horny Tissue |
|
Lipo |
Fatty |
|
Melan |
Black, very dark |
|
Myc |
Fungus |
|
Onch |
Nail |
|
Pil |
Hair |
|
Seb |
Sebum |
|
a- |
without |
|
hyper- |
excessive |
|
intra- |
in |
|
pre- |
before |
|
post- |
after |
|
homo- |
same |
|
hypo- |
under |
|
epi- |
above |
|
scler- |
hardening |
|
peri- |
around |
|
-centisis |
puncture |
|
-tomy |
incision |
|
-megaly |
enlargement |
|
-scope |
instrument for veiwing |
|
-rrhexis |
rupture |
|
-rrhea |
flow/ discharge |
|
-algia |
pain |
|
-uria |
urine |
|
-ia |
condition |
|
-ar |
relating to |
|
-penia |
decrease |
|
-emia |
blood |
|
-is |
related to |
|
My |
Muscles |
|
-itis |
inflammation |
|
Neuro |
Nervous System |
|
Pulmon |
Respiratory System |
|
Entero |
Intestines |
|
Gynec |
Female Reproductive System |
|
Andro |
Male Reproductive System |
|
Endocrin |
Endocrine System |
|
-ology |
a subject of study; a branch of knowledge |
|
Anterior |
towards the front surface |
|
Posterior |
towards the back surface |
|
Dorsal |
at the back side of the human body |
|
Ventral |
at the belly side of the human body |
|
Superior |
towards the head/ above |
|
Inferior |
towards the feet/ below |
|
Caudal |
at the rear or tail end |
|
Cranial |
at the head end
|
|
Medial |
towards the midline of the body |
|
Lateral |
away from the midline of the body |
|
Deep |
on the inside |
|
Superficial |
on the outside |
|
Proximal |
closest to point of attachment to trunk |
|
Distal |
furthest from point of attachment to trunk |
|
bi- |
two
|
|
uni- |
one |
|
ipsi- |
same side |
|
contra- |
opposite side |
|
Flexion |
a bending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint |
|
Extension |
an unbending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that increases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint |
|
Adduction |
move towards the middle |
|
Abduction |
away from the middle |
|
Medial Rotation |
rotate towards the middle |
|
Lateral Rotation |
rotate away from the middle |
|
Opposition |
to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers across the palm of the hand |
|
Reposition |
movement returning palm and fingers from opposed position
|
|
Inversion |
turning inward (feet) |
|
Eversion |
turning outward (feet) |
|
Elevation |
move up
|
|
Depression |
move down |
|
Dorsiflexion |
backward flexion or bending, as of the hand or foot
|
|
Plantar Flexion |
a toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle (ballerina toes) |
|
Protrusion |
pushed forward |
|
Retrusion |
pushed back |
|
Protraction |
a forward projection of a facial structure |
|
Retraction |
act of drawing back |
|
Supination |
lying on spine |
|
Pronation |
lying on stomach |
|
Circumduction |
circular movement |
|
Chol |
Gallbladder |
|
Col |
Colon |
|
-ectomy |
surgical removal of something |
|
-ic |
related to |
|
Pleura |
Membrane that encloses the lung |
|
Vas / Vasc |
Blood Vessels |
|
Alopecia |
Baldness |
|
-phoresis |
removal of |
|
Edema |
an excess of watery fluid |
|
Desquamation |
peeling |
|
Ankyl |
Bent |
|
Brachi |
Arm |
|
Calcane |
Heel |
|
Carp |
Wrist |
|
Chondr |
Cartilage |
|
Dactyl |
Fingers, Toes |
|
Kyph |
Hump |
|
Myel |
Bone Marrow |
|
Pod |
Foot |
|
Phalang |
Finger/ Toe Bone |
|
Rachi |
Spine |
|
Scoli |
Curved |
|
Spondyl |
Vertebra |
|
Ten |
Tendon
|
|
Uln |
Ulnar |
|
Integumentary System |
Skin |
|
Diaphoresis |
The excretion of sweat |
|
Subcutaneous Tissue |
Hypodermis |
|
Striae Gravidarum |
Strech marks because of weight gain accompanying pregnancy |
|
Striae cutis distensae |
Stretch marks in obese people |
|
Keloid |
Excessive Scarring |
|
Malacia |
Softening |
|
Calcaneus |
A tarsal bone (heel) |
|
Ankylosis |
Abnormal stiffening of a joint due to bone fusion |
|
Chondroplasty |
Surgical repair of a cartilage |
|
Kyphosis |
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back (humpback/ hunchback) |
|
carpometacarpal joint |
five joints in the wrist that articulate the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the five metacarpal bones. |
|
Dactylitis |
inflammation of a digit |
|
Podiatry |
The science/ medicine of feet |
|
Podiatrist |
A foot specialist |
|
Metacarpophalangeal joints |
the joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges of the fingers |
|
Myeloma |
a tumor in the bone marrow |
|
Spondylosis |
a very painful condition in the vertebral column because of the degeneration of IV disks |
|
rachialgia |
pain in the spine |
|
Radioulnar joint |
a joint between the radius and the ulna |
|
Tendonitis |
Inflammation of the tendon |
|
Osteomalacia |
Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of Ca and Phosphorus in the bood |
|
Osteomyelitis |
A local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow |
|
Osteoporosis |
Porous Bones |
|
Osteoblasts |
Bone cells that make cells |
|
Osteoclasts |
Bone cells that break cells |
|
Lordosis |
Inward curvature/ Swayback |
|
Scoliosis |
Lateral (sideways) curvature |
|
-plasty |
surgical repair |
|
-clasia |
surgically break a bone |
|
-pathy |
disease |
|
-tome |
instrument to cut |
|
osteotome |
instrument to cut bone |
|
Costal |
Rib |
|
Hematopoeisis |
Blood Cell Formation |
|
Types of calrtilage |
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilages |
|
The pubic symphysis |
A fibrocartilage where both pubic bones join |
|
The acetabulum cavity |
Where the ilium, pubis and ishium meet |
|
Carpal Bones |
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
|
Esophagus |
مريء |
|
Trachea |
قصبة هوائية |
|
Sphincter |
صمام |
|
Epiglottis |
a flap of cartilage behind the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe. |
|
Urethra |
The external opening to the surface at the end of the urinary system |
|
Mys |
Muscle |
|
Sarco |
Flesh |
|
Sternocleidomastoid |
A muscle, whose origin is at the sternum/clavicle and it's insertion is at the skull |
|
Orbicularis Occuli |
A circular eye muscle |
|
Pectoralis Major |
A convergent chest muscle |
|
External Oblique |
Flat parallel muscle with aponeurosis |
|
Biceps Brachii |
A fusiform arm muscle |
|
Extensor Digitorum Longus |
A unipennate leg muscle |
|
Rectus Femoris |
A bipennate femur muscle |
|
Deltoid |
A multipennate muscle (IM injections go here) |
|
Rectus Abdominis |
A quadrate muscle (abs) |
|
Muscular Dystrophy |
An incurable group of genetically inherited disorders, leading to loss in muscle mass and progressive weakness |
|
Atrophy |
ضمور |
|
Polymyositis |
Inflammation of many muscles, characterized by muscle weakness and degeneration |
|
Electromyography |
Process of recording the strength of contraction of a muscle when stimulated by an electrical current |
|
Muscle Biopsy |
Extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue through biopsy needle or incisional biopsy for purposes of examining it under a microscope |
|
-oma |
Tumor |
|
-plasty |
Surgical repair of |
|
Crani/o |
Skull |
|
-malacia |
Softening |
|
Myeloma |
Red bone marrow tumor |
|
-clasia |
Surgically break |
|
Osteoclasia |
Surgically break a bone |
|
-tome |
Instrument to cut |
|
Osteotome |
Instrument to cut bone |
|
Angi |
Blood vessel |
|
Aort |
Aorta |
|
Arteri |
Artery |
|
Athero |
Fatty matter |
|
Atri |
Atrium |
|
Hemangi |
Blood vessel |
|
Hemangioma |
An accumulation of blood vessels forming a tumor |
|
Pericardi |
Pericardium |
|
Phelp |
Vein |
|
Sphygm |
Pulse |
|
Sphygmomanometer |
An instrument to measure blood pressure |
|
Thromb |
Blood clot |
|
Vas |
Blood Vessel |
|
Ven |
Vein |
|
Phlebotomy |
the surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid, |
|
Thrombus |
Blood Clot |
|
Thrombosis |
Clotting |
|
Thrombocytes |
A platelet. Crucial to normal blood clotting |
|
AF |
Atrial Fibrillation |
|
AS |
Aortic Stenosis |
|
ASD |
Atrial Septal Defect |
|
AV |
Atrioventricular |
|
Stenosis |
Narrowing |
|
BP |
Blood Pressure |
|
CABG |
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (open heart surgery to check for blood clots) |
|
CAD |
Coronary Artery Disease |
|
Cath |
Catheter |
|
CCU |
Coronary Care Unit |
|
CHD |
Coronary Heart Disease |
|
CPR |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
CVD |
Cardiovascular disease |
|
DVT |
Deep Venous Thrombosis |
|
Cranial bones |
Occipital, 2 Parietal, 2 Temporal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Frontal |
|
Cranial Sutures |
Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid |
|
Cranial nerves mnemonic |
Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More |
|
Cranial nerve 1 |
Olfactory Smell |
|
Cranial nerve 2 |
Optic Vision |
|
Cranial nerve 3 |
Oculomotor Moves the eyeball |
|
Cranial nerve 4 |
Trochlear Moves the eyeball |
|
Cranial nerve 5 |
Trigeminal |
|
Cranial nerve 6 |
Abducens Moves the eyeball |
|
Cranial nerve 7 |
Facial |
|
Cranial nerve 8 |
Vestibulocochlear Hearing/ equilibrium |
|
Cranial nerve 9 |
Glossopharyngeal |
|
Cranial nerve 10 |
Vagus |
|
Cranial nerve 11 |
Accessory |
|
Cranial nerve 12 |
Hypoglossal |
|
Oligodendroglia / Oligodendrocytes |
Insulates neurons from each other |
|
Astrocytes |
+the most abundant +star shaped +anchor neurons |
|
Ependymal cells |
Line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord |
|
Microglia |
+spider shaped +monitors neuron health +phagocytes dead brain cells and bacteria |
|
Schwan cells |
Form the myelin sheath |
|
Satellite cells |
Replacement and repairing of damaged peripheral fibers |
|
Meninges |
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia matee |
|
CSF |
Cerebrospinal Fluid |
|
Epidural Hematoma |
Collection of blood above dura mater and just below the skull |
|
Subdural Hematoma |
Collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the menegies |
|
Meningitis |
An inflammation of the meninges |
|
Multiple Sclerosis |
Degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain |
|
Peripheral Neuritis |
Inflammation of one or more peripheral nerves |
|
Cerebospinal Fluid analysis |
Laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid |
|
Craniotomy |
A surgical procedure that makes an opening in the skull |
|
Lumbar puncture |
Hollow needle inserted into subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae below level of the spinal cord |
|
The Alimentary Canal / The Anal Canal / The GI tract |
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
|
|
Accessory Digestive Organs |
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
|
The essential activities of the digestive process |
1- Ingestion 2- Mechanical digestion 3- Propulsion 4- Chemical Digestion 5- Absorption 6- Defecation |
|
Buccal Cavity/ Oral Cavity |
Mouth |
|
Regions of the stomach |
Cardiac Region Fundus Body Phylorus |
|
Subdivisions of small intestine |
1- Duodenum 2- Jejunum 3- Ileum |
|
Plicae circularis |
Folds of the small intestine |
|
Structures of large intestine |
1- Cecum 2- Appendix 3- Colon a) Ascending b) Transverse c) Descending d) S-shaped (sigmoidal) 4- Rectum 5- Anus |
|
Incisors |
teeth adapted for cutting |
|
Canines |
teeth that tear or pierce |
|
Premolars and Molars |
teeth for grinding and crushing |
|
Deciduous Teeth |
Baby teeth |
|
Achlorhydria |
absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice |
|
Anorexia |
Loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
|
Aphagia |
loss of the ability to swallow, for organic or for psychological reasons |
|
Constipation |
Difficulty in passing stools, an incomplete or infrequent passage of hard stools |
|
Diarrhea |
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools |
|
Dyspepsia |
Vague feeling of gastric discomfort after eating |
|
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
to view GI tract |
|
Dysphagia |
Difficulty in swallowing, commonly associated with obstructive or motor disorders of the esophagus |
|
Abdominal Ultrasound |
To view internal organs of the abdomen |
|
Colonoscopy |
Visualization of the lining of the large intestine using a fiberoptic colonoscope |
|
Colostomy |
Abdominal-wall anus |
|
External Nares |
Nostrils |
|
Conchae |
projections from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
|
Regions of the pharynx |
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx |
|
Structures of the larynx |
Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Vocal cords Glottis |
|
Trachea |
Windpipe |
|
Structures of alveoli |
Alveolar duct Alveolar sac Alveolus Gas exchange |
|
Lobes of the left lung |
superior and inferior |
|
Lobes of the right lung |
superior,middle and inferior |
|
The hilum/ root of the lung |
one pulmonary artery two pulmonary veins bronchus |
|
Coverings of the lungs |
Pulmonary (visceral) pleura Parietal pleura Pleural fluid |
|
Costo-diaphragmatic recess |
The space under the lung, only filled up when lung is fully expanded in a truly deep inhale |
|
Apnea |
Temporary cessation of breathing |
|
Bradypnea |
Abnormally slow breathing |
|
Dysphonia |
Difficulty in speaking |
|
Dyspnea |
Air hunger resulting in labored breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain |
|
Epistaxis |
Nosebleed |
|
Laryngitis |
Inflammation of the larynx |
|
Pharyngitis |
Inflammation of the pharynx |
|
Tonsillitis |
Inflammation of the tonsils |
|
Rhinitis |
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
|
Bronchoscopy |
Examination of interior bronchi using a lighted, flexible bronchoscope (or endoscope) |
|
Laryngoscopy |
Examination of the interior of the larynx using a light, flexible laryngoscope (or endoscope) |
|
Thoracocentisis |
Procedure that involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for lab analysis, or to remove excess air or fluid from pleural space |
|
Organs of the urinary system |
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
|
Regions of the kidney |
1- Renal Cortex 2- Renal Medulla 3- Renal Pelvis |
|
Trigone |
The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. |
|
Albuminuria |
Abnormally large quantities of protein (usually albumin) in urine |
|
Bacteriuria |
Presence of bacteria in urine |
|
Dysuria |
Painful urination |
|
Hydronephrosis |
Distension of pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in a ureter |
|
BUN |
Blood test performed to determine amount of urea and nitrogen present in blood |
|
Urinalysis |
Physical, chemical or microscopic examination of urine |
|
Cystoscopy |
Process of viewing interior of bladder using a cystoscope |
|
Cyst- |
Bladder |
|
KUB |
X ray of lower abdomen that defines size, shape and location of kidneys, ureters and bladder |
|
Renal Angiography |
X ray visualization of internal anatomy of renal blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium |
|
What are long axons called? |
Nerve fibers |
|
Vestibule |
A cavity (teeth-gums) (cheek-lips) |
|
Choroid Plexus |
Roof of ventricles |
|
Lingual frenulum |
Prevents the tounge from going back too much |
|
Gingivae |
Gums |
|
Peristalsis |
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. |
|
Gastroesophagal sphincter |
Cardiac sphincter |
|
Falciform Ligament |
Devides left and right lobes of the liver anteriorly |
|
Fissures |
Devides the lungs into lobes |
|
Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
In pharynx and mouth |
|
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium |
In trachea (ciliated mucosa) |
|
Layers of the bladder |
Three layers of smooth detrusor muscle |
|
Mucosa of the bladder |
Made of transitional epithelium |
|
Typographical Anatomy |
Regional anatomy |
|
Tailbone |
Coccyx |