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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define the mass media |
Agencies of communication that transmit information, education, news and entertainment to mass audiences.
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What are the 3 types of media?
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-print media
-audio-visual media -digital(cyber media) media |
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How is there less consumer choice of media? |
Concentration of ownership |
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What is horizontal integration. |
when media companies own a diverse range of media. |
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What is vertical integration. |
when media companies try to control all aspect of their industry in order to increase profits and gain greater economic control. |
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What is horizontal integration also known as. |
Cross-media owenrship |
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What is diversification? |
when firms diversify into new business areas in order to spread risk. |
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What is diversification also known as? |
lateral expansion |
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What is global conglomeration? |
when companies operate in a global market for a wide range of products and services. |
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What is a synergy? |
when media companies use their range of different media outlets to package and advertise their products in several ways. |
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What is technological convergence? |
when several technologies are put into one product. |
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2 reasons Doyle believes we should study media control. |
1-To have a diverse and pluralistic provision of media to avoid power abuse and to ensure all points are covered. 2-Because of the profound effect media can have on public opinion.
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Evaluation of Doyle. |
Pluralists: -concerns are over exaggerated -media meets demands of consumer market -owners cannot voice their own opinions because they would be undermined by the public. |
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Who are to power holders according to Pluralists? |
The consumers and audiences. |
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What role do the media owners have according to Pluralists? |
They are objective, responsible and impartial facilitators of a political process. |
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Why do pluralists believe media owners don't have control over the day to day running of their business? |
They have to focus of global problems such as trade and investment. |
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Why do pluralists believe there is a concentration of ownership in the media? Give 3 reasons. |
To reduce costs. To maximise audience sizes. Attract advertising revenue. |
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What does PSB stand for? And what are there obligations? |
Public service broadcasters. To educate, inform and entertain the full audience spectrum. |
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Name 2 main pluralist arguments. |
-Media Professionalism. -Audience Criticism and Diversity. |
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Define Ideology. |
A false set of ideas and ideals. |
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Define meritocratic. |
A system in which advancement is based of individual ability or achievement. |
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What is false class consciousness? |
When the WC come to believe that the capitalist system benefits us all equally. |
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What is a media conglomerate? |
A company that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media. |
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Summarise Currans study between 1920-50. |
Rise of press barons. Proprietorial control.
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What is proprietorial control? |
Owned by a particular person- possessive. |
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Summarise Currans study between 1951-74 |
Great pluralist phase. Investigative journalism. Group consensus between editors and journalists that proprietorial control is not ideal. BUT owners still chose a political party to support.
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Summarise Currans study between 1974-92 |
Interventionist proprietorial control. RUPERT MURDOCH. Economic and profit motivation. Personalised style of management. Self censorship of journalists. |
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Summarise Currans study between 1997-Now. |
Global market. Less state controls and government regulation. Murdoch&Blair. |
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What was Currans conclusion? |
Pluralists are wrong! Owners do interfere with media content and the public do not trust journalists. Marxists are wrong! Owners are motivated by profit not capitalist ideology . And goals are individualised not collectivised actions of owners. But they do produce content which benefits capitalism in the long run. |
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What is agenda setting? |
Controlling which issues come to public attention. |
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Define cultural hegemony. |
the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class, who manipulate the culture of that society. |
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Main view of the GUMG. |
Media does support the interests of the capitalist system but this is a by product of social backgrounds of journalists and broadcasters.
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What did Barnett and Weymour conclude. |
Quality of television has been undermined by commercial pressures. Main aim of all is to attract the largest audience. |
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What is the fallacy of choice? |
That despite the growth of TV channels and free newspapers, there isn't more choice but just more of the same thing. |
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Conclusion of the GUMG. |
Pluralist theories are out of touch with the modern global world. Marxists over simplify the relationships of owners with the media and political elites.
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