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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acidosis
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process that adds acid or eliminates base from body fluids
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active transport
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process in which molecules move across a membrane against a concentration gradient
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alkalosis
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process that adds base or eliminates acid from body fluids
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anions
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negatively charged ions
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buffers
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substances that act chemically to change strong acids into weaker acids or to bind acids to neutralize their effect
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cations
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positively charged ions
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diffusion
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the movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
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electrolytes
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substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water
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facilitated diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration at an accelerated rate with the assistance of a specific carrier molecule
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fluid spacing
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the distribution of water in the body
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homeostasis
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the state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
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hydrostatic pressure
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the force within a fluid compartment
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hypertonic
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solutions that increase the degree of osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane
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hypotonic
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solutions that have a lower concentration of solute than another solution, thus exerting less osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane
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ions
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electrically charged particles
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isotonic
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fluids having the same concentration of solute particles as another solution, thus exerting the same osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane
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oncotic pressure
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osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution
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osmolality
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the measure of the osmotic force of solute per unit of weight of solvent (mOsm/kg or mmol/kg)
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osmolarity
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the measure of the total milliosmoles of solute per unit of total volume of solution (mOsm/L)
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osmosis
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the movement of water between two compartments separated by a membrane permeable to water but not to a solute
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osmotic pressure
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amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water
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pH
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negative logarithm of the H+ concentration
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tetany
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increased nerve excitability and sustained muscle contraction that results from low calcium levels that allow sodium to move into excitable cells, increasing depolarization; low calcium levels affect the membrane potential
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valence
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the electrical charge of an ion
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