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56 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Neuropsychology |
The study of the connection between the nervous system and behavior. It most often focuses on the function of various brain regions |
Break it down |
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What's the study of the connection between the nervous system and behavior? |
Neuropsychology |
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What are the types of neurons in the nervous system? |
Sensory(afferent) Motor(efferent) Interneurons |
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Reflex arcs |
Uses the ability of interneurons in the spinal cord to relay information to the source of stimuli while simultaneously routing it to the brain |
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What relays information to a stimuli and concurrently sends the information to the brain? |
Reflex arcs |
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What makes up the nervous system? |
Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system-most cranial and spinal nerve |
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Explain each division of the peripheral nervous system. |
Somatic- voluntary Autonomic- Automatic; Divided into 2 sections: Parasympathetic-rest and digest Sympathetic-fight or flight |
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Describe the subdivisions of the brain. |
Hindbrain- cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and reticular formation Midbrain- inferior and superior colliculi Forebrain- thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebral cortex |
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Describe The methods to study the brain. |
Studying humans and animals with lessons Electrical stimulation and activity recording (EEG & regional cerebral blood flow) |
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Describe the thalamus. What part of the brain is this? |
Relay station for sensory information
Forebrain |
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What's the relay station for sensory information? |
Thalamus |
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Describe the hypothalamus. What part of the brain is this? |
Maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects to the anterior pituitary Forebrain |
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What keeps homeostasis going? |
Hypothalamus |
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Describe the basal ganglia. What part of the brain is this? |
Smoothens movements and help maintain postural stability Forebrain |
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What smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability? |
Basal ganglia |
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Describe the limbic system. What part of the brain is this? |
Contains the septal nuclei, amygdala, and hippocampus, controls emotion and memory Forebrain |
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What controls emotion and memory? |
Limbic system |
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Septal nuclei |
Involved with feelings of pleasure, pleasure-seeking behavior, and addiction |
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What is involved with feelings of pleasure? What system is it in? |
Septal nuclei Limbic system |
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Amygdala |
Controls fear & aggression |
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What controls fear and aggression? What system is it in? |
Amygdala Limbic system |
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Hippocampus |
Consolidates memories and communicates with other parts of the limbic system through an extension called the fernix |
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Fernix |
An extension used by the hippocampus to communicate with other parts of the limbic system |
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Explain each division of the cerebral cortex. |
Frontal lobe- controls executive function, impulse control, long-term planning, motor functions, and speech production Parietal lobe- controls sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain; spatial processing; orientation; and manipulation Occipital lobe- controls visual processing Temporal lobe- controls sound processing, speech perception, memory, and emotion |
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How many central hemispheres is in the brain? Name them. Which is dominate for language? |
2 Left and right Left |
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Neurotransmitters |
Released by neurons to carry a signal to another neuron or effector |
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Acetylcholine |
A type of neurotransmitter used by somatic nervous system (to move muscles), the parasympathetic nervous sysytem, and the central nervous system (for alertness) |
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Dopamine |
A type of neurotransmitter that maintains smooth movements and steady posture |
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Endorphins |
A type of neurotransmitter that acts as a pain killer |
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Enkephalins |
A type of neurotransmitter that acts as a painkillers |
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Epinephrine |
A type of neurotransmitter that maintains wakefulness and alertness, and mediate flight or fight responses; acts as a hormone; released by the adrenal medulla and cause psychological changes associated with sympathetic nervous system |
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Norepinephrine |
A type of neurotransmitter that maintains wakefulness and alertness, and mediate flight or fight responses; tends to act more like a neurotransmitter; released by the adrenal medulla and cause psychological changes associated with sympathetic nervous system |
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y-aminobutryric acid (GABA) |
A type of neurotransmitter that acts as brain stabilizers |
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Glycine |
A type of neurotransmitter that acts as a brain stabilizer |
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Glutamate |
A type of neurotransmitter that acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain |
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Serotonin |
A type of neurotransmitter that modulates mood, sleep patterns, eating patterns, and dreaming |
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Endocrine system |
Tied to the nervous system through hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, and few other hormones |
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Cortisol |
A stress hormone released by the adrenal complex that's a part of the endocrine system |
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Testosterone |
A hormone made by the adrenal complex wich is a part of the endocrine system that mediates libido, increases aggressive behavior, and produced in the testes |
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Estrogen |
A hormone made by the adrenal complex wich is a part of the endocrine system that mediates libido and are produced in the ovaries |
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Nature vs Nurture |
Debate regarding relative contributions of genetics(nature) and environment(nurture) to traits. Effects of each can be studied |
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Family studies |
Looks at relative frequency of a trait a family compared to the general population |
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Twin studies |
Compares concordance rates between monozygotic(identically) and dizygotic(fraternal) twins |
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Adoption studies |
Compares similarities between adopted kids and their adoptive parents vs biological parents |
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Nervous system develops through... Describe that |
Neurolation The notochord stimulates overlapping ectoderm to fold over, creating a neural tube topped with neural crest cells |
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Neural tube |
Becomes the central nervous system |
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Neural crest |
Cells spread out throughout the body, differentiating into many different tissues |
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Primitive reflexes |
Exist in infants and should disappear with age. (served a protective role); can reappear in certain nervous system disorders |
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Rooting reflex |
A type of primitive reflex in infants where they turn their head towards anything that brushes the cheek |
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Moro reflex |
A type of primitive reflex in infants where they extend the arms, then slowly retracts them and cries in response to a sensation of falling |
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Babinski's reflex |
A type of primitive reflex in infants where the big toe is extended and other toes fan in response to the brushing of the sole if the foot |
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Grasping reflex |
A type of primitive reflex in infants where the infant grabs anything put in their hands |
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Most kids deviate from milestones by how many months? |
1-2 |
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Gross and fine motors abilities progress... |
Head to toe and core to periphery |
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Social skills shift from... |
Parent-oriented to self-oriented to other-oriented |
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Language skills become....Complex |
Increasingly |
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