Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
FSH
|
1. Site of Production: anterior pituitary
2. Effect: stimulation of follicle cells in female and sertoli cells in males 3. Regulation: Negative feedback of anterior pituitary via estrogen/progesterone and testosterone/inhibin |
|
Inhibin
|
1. Site of Production: Sertoli cells
2. Effect: inhibition of anterior pituitary production of FSH / LH 3. Regulation: N/A |
|
TSH
|
1. Site of Production: anterior pituitary
2. Effect: stimulates T3/T4 production in thyroid via cAMP 3. Regulation: T3/T4 negative feedback to TSH release |
|
hGH
|
1. Site of Production: anterior pituitary
2. Effect: stimulates growth in almost all cells of the body by increasing mitosis, cell size, protein synthesis etc. 3. Regulation: N/A |
|
ACTH
|
1. Site of Production: anterior pituitary
2. Effect: stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids via cAMP 3. Regulation: Negative feedback via cortisol |
|
PRL
|
1. Name: prolactin
2. Site of Production: anterior pituitary 3. Effect: milk production & inhibits menstrual cycle 4. Regulation: inhibited by estrogen/progesterone |
|
ADH
|
1. Name: antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
2. Site of Production: hypothalamus (released by posterior pituitary) 3. Effect: Causes DCT & collecting duct to become permeable to water; results in increased blood pressure 4. Regulation: osmoregulators in hypothalamus |
|
oxytocin
|
1. Name: oxytocin
2. Site of Production: hypothalamus (released by posterior pituitary) 3. Effect: uterine contractions + milk release 4. Regulation: N/A |
|
cortisol
|
1. Name: Cortisol
2. Site of Production: adrenal cortex 3. Effect: Increase blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis in liver; also causes degrades fatty tissue for energy & has anti-inflammatory/immune suppressing properties 4. Regulation: N/A |
|
aldosterone
|
1. Name: aldosterone
2. Site of Production: adrenal cortex 3. Effect: stimulates DCT & collecting duct to increase Na+/Cl- absorbtion and K+/H+ secretion; results in increased blood pressure 4. Regulation: baroreceptors throughout body (i.e. carotid artery) / pH receptors |
|
NE
|
1. Name: norepinephrine/noradrenaline
2. Site of Production: adrenal medulla 3. Effect: vasoconstriction of internal organs but vasodilation of skeletal muscle; stimulation of fight-or-flight pathway 4. Regulation: N/A |
|
Renin
|
1. Name: renin
2. Site of Production: JGA 3. Effect: Initiates ACE cascade & stimulates production of aldosterone 4. Regulation: N/A |
|
Atrial natriuretic peptide
|
1. Name: ANP
2. Site of Production: heart 3. Effect: lowers blood Na+ concentration 4. Regulation: N/A |
|
Erythropoietin
|
1. Name: EPO
2. Site of Production: Liver/kidneys 3. Effect: stimulates RBC production 4. Regulation: N/A |
|
Melatonin
|
1. Name: melatonin
2. Site of Production: pineal gland 3. Effect: regulates daily rhythms and seasonal reproduction in some animals 4. Regulation: N/A |
|
Calcitonin
|
1. Name: Calcitonin
2. Site of Production: thyroid 3. Effect: lowers blood [Ca2+] 4. Regulation: PTH |
|
PTH
|
1. Name: parathyroid hormone
2. Site of Production: parathyroid glands 3. Effect: increases [Ca2+] 4. Regulation: calcitonin |
|
Prostaglandins
|
Not hormones; autocrine/paracrine action. Act as local messengers & are produced not at a discrete site but at many places throughout the body.
Oxytocin stimulates prostaglandin production during pregnancy which induces contractions. |
|
angiotensinogen
|
1. Name: angiotensinogen
2. Site of Production: liver 3. Effect: Part of ACE cascade; ACE II stimulates release of aldosterone & acts as a strong vasoconstrictor 4. Regulation: Renin from JGA converts zymogen to active form |
|
testosterone
|
1. Name: Testosterone
2. Site of Production: Leydig cells 3. Effect: Stimulation of Sertoli cells + development of male sex characteristics 4. Regulation: Act as negative inhibitor on anterior pituitary & hypothalamus leading to decreased output of FSH/LH & GnRH |
|
estrogen
|
1. Name: Estrogen
2. Site of Production: follicle (granulosa) cells, corpus luteum, placenta 3. Effect: Stimulates uterus to prepare for pregnancy; causes LH surge resulting in ovulation; at a critical level of estrogen/progesterone during end of pregnancy it also stimulates the start of contractions 4. Regulation: At low levels it inhibits the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary; at high levels it stimulates the anterior pituitary resulting in the LH surge. At any level with progesterone the combination inhibits both the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary |
|
progesterone
|
1. Name: Progesterone
2. Site of Production: corpus luteum, placenta 3. Effect: prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy 4. Regulation: negative feedback regulator of anterior pituitary & hypothalamus |
|
hCG
|
1. Name: human chorionic gonadotropin
2. Site of Production: placenta 3. Effect: stimulates corpus luteum to continue producing estrogen/progesterone until after 1st trimester when placenta is capable of producing hormones on its own 4. Regulation: N/A |