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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RPR |
rapid plasma reagin for syphilis that are produced by bacteria shows current and past infections |
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5 p's |
educate: practices (educate and assess sexual health practices), past history/current symptoms, prevent complications, partners, protection |
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bacterial vaginosis |
may not truly be an STI normal balance of bacteria is disrupted and replaced with overgrowth of other bacteria either from douching or a lot of intercourse which interferes with the vaginal pH, IUD use and stress can also affect rise in vaginal pH increases susceptibility to HIV and other STIs such as pelvic inflammatory disease s/s watery gray discharge with fishy odor (especially when potassium hydroxide is added), clue cells evident when looking at wet mount (squamous epithelial cells coated with bacteria, dots around periphery of cell) sometimes clears up without treatment don't need to treat partner flagyl or clindamycin is used, pregnancy doesn't affect treatment no alchol should be consumed during treatment due to GI side effects! |
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trichomoniasis |
parasite affects men and women, more common in women asymptomatic, or have yellow, green frothy, smelly discharge 5-28 days after exposure, pain during intercourse, speculum exam reveals ulceration on cervix that look like strawberry red spots (parasites which are causing bleeding) leads to preterm and low birth rate babies found in pools, locker rooms, places with wet towels flagyl is used for treatment and go to both partners (can reinfect partner) no alcohol during treatment, no intercourse until treatment is complete condoms prevent |
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chlamydia |
most common reportable STI about half are asymptomatic about 1 million infections but oculd have been 3 million 1 in 10 females test positive Pelvic inflammatory disease can happen in 10-15% of females with chlamydia which can result in ectopic pregnancy, newborn pneumonia, chlamydial conjunctivitis can cause blindness must also treat for gonorrhea because it is expensive to test for it but frequently seen with chlamydia s/s: appear 1-3 weeks after infection, can be silent, thin discharge, may experience bleeding between periods or similar symptoms to UTI, pressure in abdomen recommend yearly chlamydial testing, cervix is not fully matured in young women so more likely to get infection all pregnant women should be tested azithromycin is used, very expensive, only single dose so good for non compliant, it is the only one used during pregnancy doxycycline can also be used because it is cheap, but needs to be taken more frequent no intercourse for 7 days, treat all partners retest afterwards to make sure they're cured amoxycilin- virtually useless! |
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gonorrhea |
second most commonly reported STI "the clap" bacteria men are more likely to have symptoms (2-5 days up to 30 days after being infected) women are less likely (80% are asymptomatic and will develop within 10 days of infection) s/s Men: painful frequent urination and pus-like discharge, women: greenish-yellow vaginal discharge, swelling and inflammation of cervix can spread to blood or joints/ life threatening/ PID- disseminated gonococcal infection/ arthritis symptoms: fever, multiple skin lesions, painful joint swelling, infection of heart, inflammation of brain and spinal cord treatment: cefiximine (by mouth) and doxycycline or azithromycin (when pregnant) need to treat for chlamydia must retest to verify cure treat partners encourage safe sex until cure is verified mucous plug covers cervix to prevent infection to baby. can get infection through birthcanal if not treated which can result in eye infection leading to blindness |
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Herpes simplex virus |
s/s painful blisters on genitalia can become dormant after infection and may not have symptoms genital herpes can be fatal for babies most prevalent infection can be mistaken for other things such as hemorrhoids, jock itch, condom irritation, yeast infection, uti herpes select- inexpensive test for herpes herpes 1 can commonly infect newborns treatment : no treatment, but can suppress it. in pregnnacy acyclovir and valacyclovir can be used, only affects cells infected with HSV. active lesions or symptoms- c-section scalp electrodes, artificial rupture of membranes and instrument deliveries increase risk of transmission, asymptomatic shedding increases transmission all women tested during pregnancy HSV- localized annoyance for adults, but systemic infection, brain infection, developmental disabilities and death for newborns |
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HPV |
human papilloma virus
very common causes warts and cellular changes that can put women at risk for cervical cancer. high risk is cancer causing in almost 90% of cases immune system can clear HPV, but because there are frequently no symptoms, it can be passed easily over 100 types of hpv, 10 are associated with cervical cancer |
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pap smear |
detects cellular changes of cervix to detect for cervical cancer can take 10-20 years to develop |
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guidelines for cervical cancer screening |
yearly pap smear for under 30 year olds every 2 to 3 years after 30 if 3 normal consecutive papsmears |
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hpv symptoms |
can't cure or treat hpv cauliflower like lesions friable cervix painful genital warts can remove warts or wait for them to disappear treat the cells if they are abnormal or remove |
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HPV wart treatment |
patient can sometimes remove themselves if not pregnant, can use cryotherapy (freezing solution) or podofilox solution don't offer podofilox for pregnant because can be teratogenic, remove cancerous cells, leave warts until after she delivers unless obstructive gardisil is a vaccine available, doesn't protect against all hpv strains, cerverix is also available which protects against the type that protects against cervical cancer hpv 3 series of vaccines when 11-12 years old |
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syphillis |
symptoms: chancre primary stage- soars, chancre (firm, small round painless nodule at site of virus entrance) (heals in about 4 weeks without treatment), infection to symptoms appearing is about 21 days, secondary stage: skin rash, mucous membrane lesions, can resolve without treatment latent: 15% of people, no signs or symptoms 10-20 years after infection late/ tertiary: tumors develop in skins, bones, major organs RPR test can detect virus early stage needs penicillin, pregnant: IUGR, preterm, stillbirth |
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hepatitis A |
fecal oral route from contaminated food/water not chronic, immunization available |
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hepatitis B |
blood and body fluids vaccinated against chronic disease if contracted |
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hepatitis c |
blood transmission mild illness to severe lifelong illness attacks liver no good vaccine |
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HIV |
can take up to 6 months for antibodies to be detected viral load test can be done asymptomatic period for months to years AIDS diagnosis isn't made until CD4 is below 200 90% of children receive aids from mother c-section before onset of labor or membrane rupture decreases transmission 25% of infants are infected if mothers don't receive treatment numbers of aids perinatally have dramatically decreased asymptomatic women will not have disease progress during pregnancy but if they are already symptomatic than it will progress Zidovudine therapy diminishes risk of transmission to fetus transmitted through breast milk most likely to be infected during labor and delivery no: amniotomy (artificial rupture of membrane), fetal scalp electrode/ sampling, forceps, episiotomy, vaginal tears |
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treatment for HIV |
HAART antiretroviral prophylaxis if positive c-section avoidance of breast feeding |
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what is the HIV patient at risk for after pregnancy |
UTI infection, hemorrhage, poor healing, other infections, |
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ELISA |
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay detects antibodies positive antibodies do not establish infection in children due to maternal passive transfer PCR is used instead to look for the virus itself, not just antibodies positive titre does not mean infection |
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newborns from mothers with hiv |
positive antibody titre for hiv, premature, low birth weight, small for gestational age asymptomatic |
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treatment for neonate with HIV |
6 week regime of oral zidovudine tested in first month, second month, fourth/ sixth month PCR genetic test if mother didn't recieve therapy during pregnancy, then given zidovudine in labor because it crosses the placenta |
