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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Slippery Slope
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The Slippery Slope is a fallacy in which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question. In most cases, there are a series of steps or gradations between one event and the one in question and no reason is given as to why the intervening steps or gradations will simply be bypassed.
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Hasty Generalization
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This fallacy is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is not large enough.
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Post hoc ergo propter hoc/faulty causality
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This fallacy is committed when it is concluded that one event causes another simply because the proposed cause occurred before the proposed effect.
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Non sequitur
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From the Latin for “Does not follow,” a non-sequitur logical fallacy is even more obvious than post hoc in that it tries to draw a conclusion between two events that are not even relative.
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Sentimental Appeals
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use emotion to distract the audience from the facts.
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Begging the Claim
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occurs when a writer simply restates the claim in a different way; such an argument is circular.
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Circular Argument
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Circular reasoning is an attempt to support a statement by simply repeating the statement in different or stronger terms. In this fallacy, the reason given is nothing more than a restatement of the conclusion that poses as the reason for the conclusion. To say, “You should exercise because it’s good for you” is really saying, “You should exercise because you should exercise.”
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Either/or
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Middle options are excluded, audience hears flawed argument
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Ad hominem
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Personal attack
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Dogmatism
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shuts down discussion by asserting that the writer’s beliefs are the only acceptable ones.
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Red herring
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A red herring is an intentional digression from an issue. For instance, in an argument regarding condoms in school, one may try to argue that parents should be responsible for providing their children with sexually-related information. While that may be true, it does address the issue of whether condoms should be available in schools.
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Scare Tactics
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try to frighten people into agreeing with the arguer by threatening them or predicting unrealistically dire consequences.
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Faulty analogy
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is an inaccurate, inappropriate, or misleading comparison between two things.
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